Acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy at the instituto materno-infantil, bogotá

Abstract

The frequency of acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy in Bogotá is not known exactly. The Instituto Materno Infantil-IMI is a referral care center for pregnant women of low incomes and obstetrical risk in Bogotá. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of mothers with serological markers of recent infection (anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgA) indicating a risk for congenital transmission and thus estimating its magnitude at IMI. We studied 637 pregnant women attended at the prenatal consultation clinic at the IMI. Serum samples from the mothers were obtained during July to December 1998 and were studied using Immunofluorescence Antibody Technique (IFAT) for specific anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. In addition, specific anti-T. gondii IgM and IgA antibodies were investigated in patients with high titers in IFAT-IgG (≥1:1024). 301 samples were found to be positive in IFAT-IgG (47%). ISAgA IgM and IgA tests were performed in 92 patients with IFAT-IgG titers ≥1:1024. In 14 patients both the IgM and the IgA test were positive, thus 2,2% of patients have recently acquired toxoplasmosis in this group of people. These results are in contrast with previous results in pregnant women from Bogotá and highlight the need for specific control programs to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

La frecuencia de la toxoplasmosis adquirida durante el embarazo, en Bogotá no se conoce con precisión. El Instituto Materno Infantil (IMI) de la ciudad atiende una población de alto riesgo obstétrico y estrato socioeconómico bajo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de madres con marcadores serológicos de infección reciente (IgM e IgA ant-Toxoplasma), que indican riesgo de transmisión congénita, con el fin de estimar la magnitud del problema en las gestantes del IMI. Durante el periodo de Julio a Diciembre de 1998 se recolectaron 637 muestras de suero de todas las pacientes que consultaban el programa de control prenatal del IMI. Todos los sueros de las gestantes se estudiaron por la técnica IFI-IgG anti-Toxoplasma y aquellas con resultados iguales o superiores a 1:1024 fueron estudiadas por la técnica ISAgA para IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma. En total 301 sueros fueron reactivos por IFI-IgG (47%), 92 tuvieron títulos iguales o superiores a 1:1024. De estos últimos, 14 presentaron pruebas IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma positivas, lo que significa que 2,2% cumplen criterios de toxoplasmosis reciente. Estos resultados contrastan con reportes previos realizados en otras poblaciones de gestantes de Bogotá y justifican la realización de programas específicos de control.