Geoquímica de pigmentos endolíticos en yesos expuestos a alta radiación UV en Colombia : implicaciones astrobiológicas

dc.contributor.advisorSalazar Jaramillo, Susana
dc.contributor.advisorCadena Sánchez, Ariel Oswaldo
dc.contributor.authorCorzo Acosta, Julian Andreas
dc.contributor.cvlacJulián Andreas Corzo
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3516-6962
dc.contributor.researchgatehttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Julian-Corzo?ev=hdr_xprf
dc.contributor.researchgroupCiclos biogeoquímicos
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-06T19:34:31Z
dc.date.available2026-04-06T19:34:31Z
dc.date.issued2026-03-24
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografías, mapas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEl yeso (CaSO₄·2H₂O) constituye un refugio natural para comunidades microbianas endolíticas, gracias a su capacidad de filtrar la radiación ultravioleta y transmitir luz fotosintéticamente activa. En esta tesis se estudió la diversidad, composición y adaptaciones fotoprotectores de comunidades microbianas endolíticas en depósitos de yeso de Los Santos (Santander), Sáchica (Boyacá) y Chaparral (Tolima), representando un gradiente altitudinal tropical entre 400 y 2200 m s.n.m. Mediante un enfoque multi-analítico que integró espectroscopía Raman, MEB, análisis petrográficos, geoquímicos (DRX, FRX, EMPA) técnica de estriado de placas y metagenómicos, se identificaron pigmentos carotenoides (β-caroteno, licopeno, astaxantina y luteína) y géneros representativos de Cyanobacteriota y Chlorophyta en asociación con Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Actinomycetota y Verrucomicrobiota. La comparación entre la geoquímica y la diversidad microbiana mostró que el incremento en el contenido de arcillas se asocia con una disminución en la diversidad, lo que sugiere que estas impurezas pueden actuar como un factor limitante para el crecimiento endolítico. Un análisis factorial múltiple (AFM) integró variables geoquímicas, estructurales y climáticas, demostrando que la composición elemental y la opacidad del yeso median la respuesta microbiana frente a gradientes de radiación y altitud. Estos resultados evidencian que la diversidad endolítica está condicionada por la interacción entre factores mineralógicos y ambientales, y que las comunidades fototróficas desarrollan estrategias de supervivencia basadas en la colonización mineral, la síntesis de pigmentos protectores y la reparación celular. Los resultados de este estudio aportas nuevas perspectivas sobre la bioreceptividad de los yesos en zonas tropicales y refuerza su relevancia como objetivos de exploración de biofirmas para la búsqueda de vida en Marte. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractGypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) constitutes a natural refuge for endolithic microbial communities due to its ability to filter ultraviolet radiation while transmitting photosynthetically active light. This thesis investigates the diversity, composition, and photoprotective adaptations of endolithic microbial communities inhabiting gypsum deposits from Los Santos (Santander), Sáchica (Boyacá), and Chaparral (Tolima), spanning a tropical altitudinal gradient between 400 and 2200 m a.s.l. Using a multi-analytical approach that integrated Raman spectroscopy, SEM, petrographic and geochemical analyses (XRD, XRF, EMPA), plate streaking techniques, and metagenomic analyses, carotenoid pigments (β-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, and lutein) and representative genera of Cyanobacteriota and Chlorophyta were identified, in association with Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Actinomycetota, and Verrucomicrobiota. The comparison between geochemistry and microbial diversity showed that an increase in clay content is associated with a decrease in diversity, suggesting that such impurities may act as a limiting factor for endolithic growth. A Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) integrating geochemical, structural, and climatic variables revealed that the elemental composition and opacity of gypsum mediate microbial responses to radiation and altitude gradients. These findings demonstrate that endolithic diversity is controlled by the interaction between mineralogical and environmental factors, and that phototrophic communities develop survival strategies based on mineral colonization, pigment synthesis, and cellular repair. The results of this study provide new insights into the bioreceptivity of tropical gypsum substrates and reinforce their relevance as exploration targets for biosignature detection and the search for life on Mars.eng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Geociencias
dc.description.methodsLa metodología empleada se basó en un enfoque multi-analítico para el estudio de comunidades microbianas endolíticas en depósitos de yeso ubicados en Los Santos (Santander), Sáchica (Boyacá) y Chaparral (Tolima), representando un gradiente altitudinal entre 400 y 2200 m s.n.m. Se integraron técnicas mineralógicas, geoquímicas y microbiológicas, incluyendo espectroscopía Raman, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), análisis petrográfico, difracción de rayos X (DRX), fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX) y microanálisis electrónico (EMPA). Asimismo, se emplearon técnicas microbiológicas como el estriado en placas para aislamiento de cultivos, y herramientas metagenómicas para la caracterización de la diversidad microbiana. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis factorial múltiple (AFM) para integrar variables geoquímicas, estructurales y climáticas, con el fin de evaluar su influencia sobre la distribución y adaptación de las comunidades endolíticas.
dc.description.notesDistinción laureadaspa
dc.description.researchareaGeomicrobiología
dc.format.extentxviii, 195 páginas + 1 anexo
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.format.mimetypeimage/png
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89794
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Geocienciasspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Geociencias
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc550 - Ciencias de la tierra
dc.subject.proposalMicroorganismos Endolíticosspa
dc.subject.proposalEspectroscopía Ramanspa
dc.subject.proposalMicroalgas eucariotasspa
dc.subject.proposalCianobacteriasspa
dc.subject.proposalGeoquímica de yesosspa
dc.subject.proposalRadiación fotosintéticamente Activa (RFA)spa
dc.subject.proposalAnálisis Factorial Múltiplespa
dc.subject.proposalAstrobiologíaspa
dc.subject.proposalMartespa
dc.subject.unescoBiotecnologíaspa
dc.subject.unescoBiotechnologyeng
dc.subject.unescoCiencias del espaciospa
dc.subject.unescoSpace scienceseng
dc.subject.unescoRadiación ultravioletaspa
dc.subject.unescoUltraviolet radiationeng
dc.titleGeoquímica de pigmentos endolíticos en yesos expuestos a alta radiación UV en Colombia : implicaciones astrobiológicasspa
dc.title.translatedGeochemistry of endolithic pigments in gypsum exposed to high UV radiation in Colombia : astrobiological implicationseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentAdministradores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitle“Exploración geoquímica de pigmentos protectores endolíticos en yesos: implicaciones astrobiológicas”, correspondiente a la Convocatoria de Apoyo a Semilleros de Investigación Activos de la Facultad de Ciencias 2023 (sede Bogotá, código 60270).
oaire.awardtitle“Geoquímica de microorganismos endolíticos en zonas de alta radiación en Colombia”, correspondiente a la Convocatoria de Fortalecimiento a la Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias 2023 (sede Medellín, código 60762).
oaire.awardtitle“Geoquímica de pigmentos endolíticos en yesos expuestos a alta radiación UV en Colombia: implicaciones astrobiológicas” - Convenio de Cooperación 2026002 - Proyecto 5.323, para el desarrollo de trabajos de investigación, suscrito entre la Fundación para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología y la Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
oaire.fundernameHermes - Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
oaire.fundernameFundación para la Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología

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Tesis de Doctorado en Geociencias
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Anexo 1

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