Metodología para el mejoramiento de la observabilidad de mediciones en Sistemas de Distribución mediante la ubicación óptima de medidores μPMU y estimación de datos faltantes

dc.contributor.advisorRivera Rodriguez, Sergio Raul
dc.contributor.authorFajardo Rodriguez, Manuel Fernando
dc.contributor.researchgroupElectrical Machines & Drives, Em&D
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-02T17:31:33Z
dc.date.available2026-06-02T17:31:33Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLa integración de recursos energéticos distribuidos (DER) en redes de distribución eléctrica agrava las limitaciones de observabilidad de estos sistemas. Aunque las micro-unidades de medición fasorial (μPMU) ofrecen una observabilidad superior de la red gracias a su resolución sub-segundo, sus costos impiden el despliegue masivo, lo que exige estrategias que combinen tecnología sincrofasorial con infraestructura de medición convencional. Esta investigación desarrolló una metodología para mejorar la observabilidad en sistemas de distribución activos. El enfoque comprende la evaluación comparativa de algoritmos de ubicación óptima de μPMU y la formulación de un modelo de ubicación conjunta (Joint Placement) con medidores AMI y cobertura SCADA existente. Se contrastaron siete enfoques de optimización de la literatura (exactos, heurísticos y metaheurísticos) sobre un conjunto de pruebas diverso, compuesto por cuatro sistemas estándar IEEE (13 a 240 nodos) y cuatro redes sintéticas (de topología enmallada, estrella y radial). El modelo de ubicación conjunta integra μPMU, AMI y SCADA bajo restricciones de canales de comunicación y generación distribuida, y fue evaluado mediante 560 experimentos con validación estadística ANOVA. Las soluciones se validaron mediante estimación de estado en distribución (DSSE) bajo escenarios de pérdida de datos, degradación de precisión instrumental y contingencia N-1. Los métodos exactos alcanzaron el óptimo global en todos los sistemas; el algoritmo voraz igualó estas soluciones tres órdenes de magnitud más rápido. La ubicación conjunta redujo el costo de capital un 87,9 % respecto a la solución exclusiva con μPMU, y la integración de SCADA preexistente amplió el ahorro un 81,1 % adicional. La validación ANOVA (p < 0,0001) identificó tres grupos estadísticos de desempeño. El análisis de robustez reveló que configuraciones mixtas con un 30--40 % de μPMU mantienen la convergencia del estimador ante pérdidas de datos del 30 %. Además, la migración a instrumentos de alta fidelidad reduce el error de estimación entre un 50 % y un 82 %. Los resultados demuestran que las configuraciones híbridas μPMU--AMI ofrecen el mejor compromiso entre inversión y resiliencia operativa, hallazgo transferible a la planificación de redes de distribución con alta penetración de DER. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into electrical distribution networks exacerbates the observability limitations of these systems. Although micro-phasor measurement units (μPMU) provide superior grid observability through sub-second resolution, their costs preclude large-scale deployment, requiring strategies that combine synchrophasor technology with conventional measurement infrastructure. This research developed a methodology to improve observability in active distribution systems. The approach encompasses a comparative evaluation of optimal μPMU placement algorithms and the formulation of a Joint Placement model incorporating AMI meters and existing SCADA coverage. Seven optimization approaches from the literature (exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic) were benchmarked on a diverse test suite comprising four IEEE standard systems (13 to 240 buses) and four synthetic networks (meshed, star, and radial topologies). The Joint Placement model integrates μPMU, AMI, and SCADA under communication channel and distributed generation constraints, and was evaluated through 560 experiments with ANOVA statistical validation. Solutions were validated via distribution system state estimation (DSSE) under data loss, instrumental accuracy degradation, and N-1 contingency scenarios. Exact methods achieved the global optimum across all systems; the greedy algorithm matched these solutions three orders of magnitude faster. Joint Placement reduced capital costs by 87.9 % relative to the μPMU-only solution, and the integration of pre-existing SCADA infrastructure yielded an additional 81.1 % saving. ANOVA validation (p < 0,0001) identified three statistical performance clusters. The robustness analysis revealed that mixed configurations with 30--40 % μPMU coverage maintain estimator convergence under 30 % data loss. Furthermore, migrating to high-fidelity instruments reduces the estimation error by 50 % to 82 %. The results demonstrate that hybrid μPMU--AMI configurations offer the best trade-off between investment and operational resilience, a finding directly transferable to distribution network planning under high DER penetration.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ingeniería Eléctrica
dc.description.methodsLa presente investigación se desarrolla bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y experimental, estructurado en cinco etapas secuenciales que dan cumplimiento a los objetivos específicos planteados.
dc.description.researchareaSistemas de Potencia
dc.format.extentxvi, 121 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/90048
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Eléctrica
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingeniería
dc.subject.lembRECURSOS ENERGETICOSspa
dc.subject.lembPower resourceseng
dc.subject.lembSERVICIOS DE SUMINISTRO DE ENERGIAspa
dc.subject.lembEnergy facilitieseng
dc.subject.lembSISTEMAS DE ENERGIA ELECTRICAspa
dc.subject.lembElectric power systemseng
dc.subject.lembSISTEMAS DE INTERCONEXION ELECTRICAspa
dc.subject.lembInterconnected electric utility systemseng
dc.subject.lembINGENIERIA ELECTRICAspa
dc.subject.lembElectric engineeringeng
dc.subject.proposalEstimación de estado en sistemas de distribución (DSSE)spa
dc.subject.proposalInfraestructura de medición avanzada (AMI)spa
dc.subject.proposalMicro-unidad de medición fasorial (μPMU)spa
dc.subject.proposalUbicación conjunta de medidoresspa
dc.subject.proposalUbicación óptima de PMUspa
dc.subject.proposalDistribution system state estimation (DSSE)eng
dc.subject.proposalAdvanced metering infrastructure (AMI)eng
dc.subject.proposalJoint meter placementeng
dc.subject.proposalMicro phasor measurement unit (μPMU)eng
dc.subject.proposalOptimal PMU placementeng
dc.subject.proposalObservabilityeng
dc.titleMetodología para el mejoramiento de la observabilidad de mediciones en Sistemas de Distribución mediante la ubicación óptima de medidores μPMU y estimación de datos faltantesspa
dc.title.translatedMethodology for improving the observability of measurements in distribution systems through the optimal placement of μPMU meters and estimation of missing dataeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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