Arquitectura genética de la respuesta al anegamiento en cultivares amazónicos de yuca, integración de enfoques de transcriptómica y mapeo por asociación

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dc.contributor.advisorDíaz Tatis, Paula Alejandra
dc.contributor.advisorSoto Sedano, Johana Carolina
dc.contributor.authorSánchez Ferro, Juan Sebastian
dc.contributor.orcidSánchez Ferro, Juan Sebastian [0000000277696355]
dc.contributor.researchgroupManihot Biotec
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.coverage.regionAmazonas
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-15T20:10:28Z
dc.date.available2026-05-15T20:10:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLa yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), domesticada en la Amazonía hace ~10.000 años, es un cultivo básico para al menos 500 millones de personas en los trópicos. Aunque tolera sequía y suelos infertiles, es sensible al anegamiento. Este estudio caracterizó las bases fisiológicas, genéticas y transcriptómicas de la respuesta al anegamiento en una colección diversa de genotipos amazónicos. Una evaluación preliminar con 37 genotipos (28 días de anegamiento) mostró deterioro del PSII desde el día 16 y alta mortalidad post-día 23. Los genotipos con mayor supervivencia desarrollaron adaptaciones morfo-anatómicas (raíces adventicias, lenticelas hipertróficas, aerénquima secundario), sugiriendo su asociación con la tolerancia. Posteriormente, 121 genotipos fueron sometidos a 16 días de anegamiento, evaluando parámetros fotoquímicos, vigor, crecimiento y redistribución de biomasa. Los genotipos más tolerantes presentaron una mayor eficiencia fotoquímica (Fv/Fm > 0.7), turgencia foliar (RWC > 68%) y capacidad de redistribuir biomasa hacia órganos aéreos. Además, los genotipos que desarrollaron modificaciones morfo-anatómicas (48,8%) mostraron mayor tolerancia y turgencia que aquellos sin ellas (35,5%). La arquitectura genética de la respuesta resultó compleja, con 160 genes candidatos identificados. Genes asociados al metabolismo de carbohidratos y la remodelación de la pared celular estuvieron vinculados al desempeño foliar y al desarrollo de modificaciones morfo-anatómicas, mientras que la preservación de raíces se relacionó con genes involucrados en homeostasis de ROS, reparación del DNA y proteólisis. Se destacó un hotspot en el cromosoma 6, donde el gen Manes.06G141300 (PGM) emerge como regulador central del metabolismo de carbohidratos. Dentro de este locus, los SNPs S06_27038808, S06_26994866 y S06_26922476 se asociaron fuertemente con el desempeño foliar, explicando el 7.73%, 14.25% y 25.71% de la varianza fenotípica, respectivamente. A nivel transcriptómico, se evaluaron dos genotipos con respuestas contrastantes (AMD y L11). Hojas y raíces fueron colectadas a los cuatro días de anegamiento, momento en que se detectó el inicio de la respuesta fisiológica (disminución de gs). Se detectaron 1084 genes con expresión diferencial. El genotipo tolerante mostró una reprogramación robusta: en raíces activó vías de regeneración energética y metabolismo de poliaminas, mientras que en hojas indujo acuaporinas y genes de síntesis de aminoácidos osmoprotectores, contribuyendo a mantener el estatus hídrico foliar. La integración de los resultados de asociación genética y expresión diferencial permitió identificar a Manes.06G141300 (PGM) y Manes.09G042700 (TPX2) como candidatos prioritarios para futuras validaciones funcionales. Se concluye que la tolerancia al anegamiento en la yuca es un rasgo poligénico, gobernado primordialmente por la conservación del estado hídrico y una reprogramación metabólica coordinada entre órganos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), domesticated in the Amazon ~10,000 years ago, is a staple crop for at least 500 million people in the tropics. Although tolerant to drought and infertile soils, it is sensitive to waterlogging. This study characterized the physiological, genetic, and transcriptomic bases of the response to waterlogging stress in a diverse collection of Amazonian genotypes. A preliminary evaluation with 37 genotypes (28 days of waterlogging) showed PSII impairment from day 16 and high mortality after day 23. Genotypes with higher survival developed morpho-anatomical adaptations (adventitious roots, hypertrophic lenticels, secondary aerenchyma), suggesting their association with tolerance. Subsequently, 121 genotypes were subjected to 16 days of waterlogging, evaluating photochemical parameters, vigor, growth, and biomass redistribution. The most tolerant genotypes exhibited higher photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm > 0.7), leaf turgor (RWC > 68%), and the ability to redistribute biomass to aerial organs. Additionally, genotypes that developed morpho-anatomical modifications (48.8%) showed greater tolerance and turgor than those without them (35.5%). The genetic architecture of the response proved complex, with 160 candidate genes identified. Genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall remodeling were linked to foliar performance and the development of morpho-anatomical modifications, while root preservation was related to genes involved in ROS homeostasis, DNA repair, and proteolysis. A hotspot on chromosome 6 stood out, where the gene Manes.06G141300 (PGM) emerges as a central regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. Within this locus, SNPs S06_27038808, S06_26994866, and S06_26922476 were strongly associated with foliar performance, explaining 7.73%, 14.25%, and 25.71% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. At the transcriptomic level, two genotypes with contrasting responses (AMD and L11) were evaluated. Leaves and roots were collected four days after waterlogging, when the onset of the physiological response was detected (decreased gs). A total of 1084 differentially expressed genes were detected. The tolerant genotype showed robust reprogramming: in roots, it activated energy regeneration pathways and polyamine metabolism, while in leaves, it induced aquaporins and genes for osmoprotective amino acid synthesis, contributing to the maintenance of foliar water status. The integration of genetic association and differential expression results allowed the identification of Manes.06G141300 (PGM) and Manes.09G042700 (TPX2) as priority candidates for future functional validations. It is concluded that waterlogging tolerance in cassava is a polygenic trait, primarily governed by the conservation of water status and coordinated metabolic reprogramming between organs.eng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias - Biología
dc.description.researchareaGenética molecular
dc.description.sponsorshipEste proyecto se desarrolló con el apoyo del grupo Manihot Biotec de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.format.extent194 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89993
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - Biología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::575 - Partes específicas de y sistemas fisiológicos en plantas
dc.subject.lembYUCAspa
dc.subject.lembCassavaeng
dc.subject.lembMANIHOTspa
dc.subject.lembManihoteng
dc.subject.lembHORTALIZAS TROPICALESspa
dc.subject.lembTropical vegetableseng
dc.subject.lembCULTIVOS TROPICALESspa
dc.subject.lembTropical cropseng
dc.subject.lembINTERACCION GENOTIPO-MEDIO AMBIENTEspa
dc.subject.lembGenotype-environment interactioneng
dc.subject.lembADAPTACION (BIOLOGIA)spa
dc.subject.lembAdaptation (biology)eng
dc.subject.proposalCambio climáticospa
dc.subject.proposalEstrés abióticospa
dc.subject.proposalDiversidad amazónicaspa
dc.subject.proposalFotoquímicaspa
dc.subject.proposalMapeo por asociaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalExpresión génicaspa
dc.subject.proposalClimate changeeng
dc.subject.proposalAbiotic stresseng
dc.subject.proposalAmazonic diversityeng
dc.subject.proposalPhotochemistryeng
dc.subject.proposalAssociation mappingeng
dc.subject.proposalGene expressioneng
dc.titleArquitectura genética de la respuesta al anegamiento en cultivares amazónicos de yuca, integración de enfoques de transcriptómica y mapeo por asociaciónspa
dc.title.translatedGenetic architecture of waterlogging response in amazonic cassava landraces, integration of transcriptomic and association mapping approacheseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEspecializada
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleBecas de Excelencia Doctoral del Bicentenario BPIN código 2021000100003
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria nacional para el fortalecimiento de la formación a través del apoyo a proyectos de investigación, creación artística e innovación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2022-2024, proyecto HERMES número 57449
oaire.awardtitleproyecto ID: 2022011 de la Vicerrectoría de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Universidad Antonio Nariño
oaire.fundernameMinisterio de Ciencias
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia (Facultad de Ciencias)
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Antonio Nariño (Vicerrectoría de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación)

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Tesis de Doctorado en Ciencias-Biología
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Doctorado en Ciencias - Biología