Una propuesta didáctica con fluidos para facilitar la comprensión de la hidrostática en estudiantes de grado décimo
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Mateus Quiñones, David Mohamad
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La presente investigación “Una propuesta didáctica con fluidos para facilitar la comprensión de la hidrostática en estudiantes de grado décimo”, surgió de la necesidad de diseñar e implementar una secuencia didáctica, que abordara en 12 sesiones de clase los temas de la hidrostática, como son la densidad, la presión, la presión hidrostática, el principio de Pascal y el principio de Arquímedes. Lo anterior por medio de la experimentación con fluidos, las narrativas de historias, juegos de rol, concursos, elaboración de modelos y materiales de laboratorio, en los que se aplica el aprendizaje activo como un método de construcción de conocimiento por parte de los estudiantes.
Las ideas previas de los estudiantes fueron tenidas en cuenta, durante las sesiones se fortaleció el perfil conceptual de los mismos. Se emplearon encuestas y actividades, con el fin de analizar las formas de pensar y modos de hablar de los educandos. Se realizaron dos sesiones para implementar un pre test y al finalizar un pos test, compuesto por 10 preguntas de selección múltiple, con el cual se evidenció el progreso significativo y comprensivo de los estudiantes de grado décimo del Liceo Nuestra Señora de las Nieves.
Esta investigación fue enriquecedora por cuanto se mejoraron procesos académicos, se logró el trabajo colaborativo y participativo, se afianzó el perfil conceptual de los estudiantes de una manera didáctica, haciéndoles partícipes de un aprendizaje significativo a través de actividades motivantes que involucraron la experimentación.
Palabras clave: Principio de Arquímedes, principio de Pascal, presión, densidad, hidrostática, fluidos, aprendizaje significativo, emociones, didáctica, perfil conceptual.
The present research “A didactic proposal with fluids to facilitate the understanding of hydrostatics in tenth grade students”, arose from the need to design and implement a didactic sequence, which will address the topics of hydrostatics in 12 class sessions, such as density, pressure, hydrostatic pressure, the Pascal principle and the Archimedes principle. Through the experimentation with fluids, the narratives of stories, role games, elaboration of models and laboratory materials, in which active learning is applied as a method of knowledge construction by students. The students' previous ideas were taken into account and during the sessions their conceptual profile was strengthened. Surveys and activities were used in order to analyze the ways of thinking and ways of speaking of the students. Two sessions were held to implement a pre-test and at the end of a post-test, consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions, which evidenced the significant and comprehensive progress of the tenth grade students of the Nuestra Señora de las Nieves Liceo. This research was enriching because academic processes were improved, collaborative and participatory work was achieved, the conceptual profile of students was strengthened in a didactic way, making them participate in meaningful learning through motivating activities that involved experimentation. Keywords: Archimedes principle, Pascal principle, pressure, density, hydrostatics, fluids, significant learning, emotions, didactics, conceptual profile.
The present research “A didactic proposal with fluids to facilitate the understanding of hydrostatics in tenth grade students”, arose from the need to design and implement a didactic sequence, which will address the topics of hydrostatics in 12 class sessions, such as density, pressure, hydrostatic pressure, the Pascal principle and the Archimedes principle. Through the experimentation with fluids, the narratives of stories, role games, elaboration of models and laboratory materials, in which active learning is applied as a method of knowledge construction by students. The students' previous ideas were taken into account and during the sessions their conceptual profile was strengthened. Surveys and activities were used in order to analyze the ways of thinking and ways of speaking of the students. Two sessions were held to implement a pre-test and at the end of a post-test, consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions, which evidenced the significant and comprehensive progress of the tenth grade students of the Nuestra Señora de las Nieves Liceo. This research was enriching because academic processes were improved, collaborative and participatory work was achieved, the conceptual profile of students was strengthened in a didactic way, making them participate in meaningful learning through motivating activities that involved experimentation. Keywords: Archimedes principle, Pascal principle, pressure, density, hydrostatics, fluids, significant learning, emotions, didactics, conceptual profile.