Aproximación al estado del arte de las tecnologías actuales para producción de hidrógeno verde

dc.contributor.advisorCabrera Orozco, Andrésspa
dc.contributor.authorPachón Medina, Omar Eduardospa
dc.contributor.researchgroupLaboratorio de Investigación en Combustible y Energía - LICEspa
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-04T20:25:29Z
dc.date.available2025-04-04T20:25:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractEl hidrógeno verde, producido mediante procesos de electrólisis de agua, utiliza la electricidad generada por fuentes renovables como la solar y la eólica lo que resulta en una de las alternativas más prometedoras para la descarbonización de la economía global. A diferencia del hidrógeno gris, el hidrógeno verde no genera emisiones directas de gases de efecto invernadero durante su producción, lo que lo posiciona como un elemento fundamental en la transición hacia una economía baja en carbono. La creciente preocupación por el cambio climático y la búsqueda de soluciones sostenibles han acelerado la investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías eficientes para producir hidrógeno verde. Por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se revisan críticamente las tecnologías para la producción de hidrógeno verde enfocada en los tipos de electrolizadores, con el fin de comparar y analizar sus beneficios, efectividad y limitaciones. Con el propósito de evaluar el potencial de esta tecnología para Colombia, se presentan generalidades de la hoja de ruta nacional y se compara con las estrategias adoptadas en otros países líderes, se identifican las oportunidades y desafíos específicos para su implementación y se mencionan factores como la disponibilidad de recursos renovables y las políticas públicas necesarias para impulsar el desarrollo del hidrógeno verde. Así mismo, se presentan los diversos usos del hidrógeno en sectores como la industria química, la refinación de hidrocarburos y el transporte. A su vez se analizan los posibles impactos ambientales y las afectaciones derivadas de la producción por los diferentes métodos revisados. Finalmente, se revisan las tecnologías actuales para la producción de hidrógeno verde, con un enfoque en la electrólisis del agua. Se examinan cuatro tipos de electrolizadores: los alcalinos (AEL), los de membrana de intercambio de protones (PEM), los de óxidos sólidos (SOEC) y los de membrana de intercambio aniónico (AEM), haciendo énfasis en sus características, ventajas, desventajas, avances tecnológicos recientes y las áreas de investigación. Se realiza una comparación entre los electrolizadores y se examinan las perspectivas de la electrólisis en Colombia. Esta revisión resalta el potencial del hidrógeno como vector energético fundamental para la mitigación del cambio climático, la descarbonización de sectores difíciles de electrificar y su importancia como parte integral de la transición energética a nivel global y nacional. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractGreen hydrogen, produced through water electrolysis, uses electricity generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind power, making it one of the most promising alternatives for decarbonizing the global economy. Unlike gray hydrogen, green hydrogen does not generate direct greenhouse gas emissions during its production, positioning it as a key element in the transition to a low-carbon economy. The growing concern about climate change and the search for sustainable solutions have accelerated research and development of efficient technologies for green hydrogen production. For this reason, this study critically reviews technologies for green hydrogen production, focusing on different types of electrolyzers to compare and analyze their benefits, efficiency, and limitations. To assess the potential of this technology in Colombia, an overview of the national roadmap is presented and compared with strategies adopted by leading countries. Specific opportunities and challenges for its implementation are identified, along with factors such as the availability of renewable resources and the public policies needed to drive the development of green hydrogen. Additionally, the various applications of hydrogen in sectors such as the chemical industry, hydrocarbon refining, and transportation are explored. The possible environmental impacts and consequences of hydrogen production through different methods are also analyzed. Finally, the study examines current technologies for green hydrogen production, with a focus on water electrolysis. Four types of electrolyzers are reviewed: alkaline (AEL), proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide (SOEC), and anion exchange membrane (AEM), highlighting their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, recent technological advancements, and research areas. A comparison of these electrolyzers is conducted, and the prospects for electrolysis in Colombia are evaluated. This review underscores the potential of hydrogen as a fundamental energy carrier for mitigating climate change, decarbonizing hard-to-electrify sectors, and its crucial role in the global and national energy transition.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaEnergía renovables - Hidrógenospa
dc.format.extent75 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/87848
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::542 - Técnicas, procedimientos, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.proposalTransición energéticaspa
dc.subject.proposalElectrolizadoresspa
dc.subject.proposalGreen hydrogeneng
dc.subject.proposalElectrolyzerseng
dc.subject.proposalEnergy transitioneng
dc.subject.proposalHidrógeno verdespa
dc.subject.wikidatarevisión de literaturaspa
dc.subject.wikidataliterature revieweng
dc.subject.wikidatahidrógeno verdespa
dc.subject.wikidatagreen hydrogeneng
dc.subject.wikidataenergía limpiaspa
dc.subject.wikidataclean energyeng
dc.titleAproximación al estado del arte de las tecnologías actuales para producción de hidrógeno verdespa
dc.title.translatedApproach to the state of the art of current technologies for green hydrogen productioneng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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