Modelo basado en LLMs para apoyar la toma de decisiones en el triaje médico

dc.contributor.advisorRodríguez Portela, Arles Ernesto
dc.contributor.authorMartin Salcedo, Alejandro
dc.contributor.cvlacRodríguez Portela, Arles Ernesto [0000536636]
dc.contributor.googlescholarRodríguez Portela, Arles Ernesto [ck6NRGkAAAAJ&hl]
dc.contributor.orcidRodríguez Portela, Arles Ernesto [0000000349106773]
dc.contributor.researchgateRodríguez Portela, Arles Ernesto [Arles-Rodriguez]
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-19T13:02:26Z
dc.date.available2026-05-19T13:02:26Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLa creciente demanda en los servicios de urgencias y la necesidad de realizar procesos de triaje eficientes, consistentes y alineados con criterios clínicos estructurados representan un desafío para los sistemas de salud, particularmente en la estimación adecuada de los recursos y en el apoyo al razonamiento clínico para la correcta priorización del paciente durante la atención. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y evaluar un sistema basado en agentes sustentado en modelos de lenguaje de gran escala (LLMs), integrado con un esquema de recuperación aumentada (RAG), orientado al apoyo en la estimación de recursos y en la estructuración del razonamiento clínico para la priorización del paciente bajo el protocolo de triaje Emergency Severity Index (ESI). Se diseñó una arquitectura híbrida que combina generación de texto y recuperación contextual de información clínica, junto con una estrategia de estructuración progresiva del prompt alineada con el flujo de decisión del triaje. La evaluación se realizó mediante un enfoque técnico-clínico que incluyó métricas computacionales de similitud semántica y fidelidad del sistema, junto con validación por un médico con experiencia en triaje, considerando múltiples experimentos con dos variantes de prompt y tres modelos de lenguaje. Los resultados evidencian mejoras en la coherencia del razonamiento y una concordancia moderada con el criterio clínico, destacando el potencial de estos sistemas como herramientas de apoyo en la toma de decisiones bajo supervisión profesional. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe growing demand on emergency services and the need for efficient, consistent triage processes aligned with structured clinical criteria present a challenge for healthcare systems, particularly in the accurate estimation of resources and in supporting clinical reasoning for proper patient prioritization during care. In this context, this study aimed to develop and evaluate an agent-based system supported by large-scale language models (LLMs), integrated with an augmented retrieval scheme (RAG), designed to support resource estimation and the structuring of clinical reasoning for patient prioritization under the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage protocol. A hybrid architecture was designed that combines text generation and contextual retrieval of clinical information, along with a progressive prompt structuring strategy aligned with the triage decision flow. The evaluation was conducted using a technical-clinical approach that included computational metrics of semantic similarity and system fidelity, along with validation by a physician with triage experience, considering multiple experiments with two prompt variants and three language models. The results show improvements in the coherence of reasoning and moderate agreement with clinical criteria, highlighting the potential of these systems as support tools in decision-making under professional supervision.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación
dc.description.researchareaMachine Learning / Data Science
dc.format.extentxi, 46 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89994
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::004 - Procesamiento de datos Ciencia de los computadores
dc.subject.ddc000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::006 - Métodos especiales de computación
dc.subject.lembLINGUISTICA COMPUTACIONALspa
dc.subject.lembComputational linguisticseng
dc.subject.lembINDIZACION AUTOMATICAspa
dc.subject.lembAutomatic indexingeng
dc.subject.lembAPRENDIZAJE AUTOMATICO (INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL)spa
dc.subject.lembMachine learningeng
dc.subject.lembAPRENDIZAJE BASADO EN EXPLICACIONESspa
dc.subject.lembExplanation-based learningeng
dc.subject.lembSISTEMAS DE COMUNICACION EN SERVICIOS MEDICOS DE URGENCIASspa
dc.subject.lembEmergency medical services--Communication systemseng
dc.subject.proposalLLMsspa
dc.subject.proposalRAGspa
dc.subject.proposalTriajespa
dc.subject.proposalESIspa
dc.subject.proposalLLMseng
dc.subject.proposalRAGeng
dc.subject.proposalTriageeng
dc.subject.proposalESIeng
dc.titleModelo basado en LLMs para apoyar la toma de decisiones en el triaje médicospa
dc.title.translatedLLM-based model to support decision-making in medical triageeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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Tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación