Epoxidación de aceite de palma alto oleico utilizando resinas de intercambio iónico como catalizador
| dc.contributor.advisor | Orjuela Londoño, Álvaro | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Conde Rivera, Laura Rosa | |
| dc.contributor.author | Solarte Erazo, Steven Andrés | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Solarte Erazo, Steven Andrés [0000348252] | |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-06-02T17:11:48Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-06-02T17:11:48Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografías | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | El aceite de palma alto oleico (APAO) es un aceite producto de cultivos híbridos intraespecíficos entre el cruce de la especie E. Guineensis y E. oleífera, que cuenta con ventajas diferenciales, como un mayor contenido de insaturaciones (> 70 g-I2/100 g-aceite), el cual lo convierte en una materia prima ideal para la producción de plastificantes y polioles a base de epóxidos de APAO. En este sentido, en este trabajo se evaluó la epoxidación de APAO con H2O2 mediante la formación ácido peracético in-situ y la resina de intercambio iónico Amberlite IR-120 como catalizador, en donde se evaluó el efecto de la carga de catalizador y ácido acético, la temperatura y la relación molar de los reactantes. Para minimizar el número de experimentos, se empleó un diseño experimental Box-Behnken. La evolución de la reacción se llevó a cabo mediante un método de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano, que permitió cuantificar el contenido de oxígeno oxirano e índice de yodo a lo largo del tiempo. Se evaluaron los fenómenos de transferencia de masa para asegurar cinética intrínseca y se evaluaron diferentes modelos cinéticos propuestos en la literatura (Ley de Potencias, Eley-Rideal y LHHW). Entre estos, los parámetros cinéticos del modelo de Ley de Potencias se ajustaron razonablemente bien a los datos experimentales con errores relativos inferiores al 10%. Este fue usado para el diseño, la optimización y análisis económico del proceso, mostrando su factibilidad técnica y económica. Se llevaron a cabo otros experimentos para evaluar la actividad de la resina tras varios ciclos de reutilización. Se comprobó que los catalizadores heterogéneos aumentaban la selectividad y la productividad en comparación con el H2SO4, y que podían utilizarse hasta 5 ciclos sin pérdida significativa de conversión y selectividad. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | High-oleic palm oil (APAO) is an oil produced from intra-specific hybrid crops between the crossbreeding of the species E. Guineensis y E. oleífera, exhibiting differential advantages such as a high degree of unsaturation (> 70 g-I2/100 g-oil), which makes it an ideal raw material for the production of plasticizers and polyols derived from APAO epoxides. In this regard, this work evaluated the epoxidation of APAO with H2O2 by mean of the in-situ peracetic acid process and the ion exchange resine Amberlite IR-120 as a catalyst. The effect of the catalysts and acetic acid loading, temperature and molar ratio of reactants was evaluated. To minimize the number of experiments, a Box-Behnken experimental design was employed. Reaction evolution was tracked using a calibrated near infrared spectroscopic method that enabled to quantify oxirane oxygen content and iodine value along time. Mass transfer phenomena were assessed to ensure intrinsic kinetics, and different kinetic models proposed in the literature (Power Law, Eley-Rideal, LHHW) were evaluated. Among these, the kinetic parameters of the Power Law model were reasonably well fitted to the experimental data with relative errors of less than 10%. This model was confidently used for process design, optimization and economic analysis of the process, proving the technical and economic feasibility of the process. Further experiments were carried out to assess the activity of the resin after several cycles of reuse. It was found that the heterogeneous catalysts increased the selectivity and productivity in comparison with H2SO4, and that it could be used up to 5 cycles without significant loss of conversion and selectivity. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | |
| dc.description.degreename | Magister en Ingeniería Química | |
| dc.description.methods | Con base en el contexto antes presentado, en esta sección se desarrolla una metodología para estudiar experimentalmente el proceso de epoxidación de oleína de APAO utilizando Amberlite IR-120 como catalizador y el posterior ajuste de un modelo cinético. Para ello, inicialmente se describen los materiales y métodos usados en la caracterización de la materia prima, producto y el catalizador; se aborda el montaje experimental durante el proceso de epoxidación, el procedimiento de reacción y se definen los parámetros más importantes para llevar a cabo la reacción. Seguidamente se describen los ensayos preliminares para determinar la influencia de la velocidad de agitación y tamaño de partícula del catalizador para asegurar régimen cinético en el proceso de epoxidación. Igualmente se presenta el diseño experimental Box-Behnken para optimizar el número de ensayos experimentales y evaluar el efecto de la temperatura, carga de catalizador, carga de ácido acético y relación molar de peróxido de hidrogeno sobre el rendimiento del proceso. Finalmente se muestra el procedimiento para la modelación cinética, optimización de la etapa de reacción, estudio de estabilidad del catalizador y análisis técnico económico preliminar del proceso. | |
| dc.description.researcharea | Biorrefinerías y Biocombustibles | |
| dc.format.extent | xviii, 169 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/90047 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería | |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 660 - Ingeniería química | |
| dc.subject.lemb | ACEITE DE PALMA | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Palm-oil | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | ACEITES VEGETALES | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Vegetable oils | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | PALMAS OLEAGINOSAS | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Oil palms | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | REACCION DE OXIDACION-REDUCCION | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Oxidation-reduction reaction | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | REACCIONES QUIMICAS | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Chemical reactions | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | INJERTOS DE PLANTAS | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Plant grafting | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Aceite de palma alto oleico | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Epóxidos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Catalizador heterogéneo | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Amberlite IR-120 | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Modelo cinético | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | High-oleic palm oil | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Epoxides | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Heterogeneous catalyst | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Kinetic model | eng |
| dc.title | Epoxidación de aceite de palma alto oleico utilizando resinas de intercambio iónico como catalizador | spa |
| dc.title.translated | High-oleic palm oil epoxidation using ion exchange resins as a catalyst | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
| oaire.fundername | Sistema General de Regalías y a Colfuturo |
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