Epoxidación de aceite de palma alto oleico utilizando resinas de intercambio iónico como catalizador

dc.contributor.advisorOrjuela Londoño, Álvaro
dc.contributor.advisorConde Rivera, Laura Rosa
dc.contributor.authorSolarte Erazo, Steven Andrés
dc.contributor.cvlacSolarte Erazo, Steven Andrés [0000348252]
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-02T17:11:48Z
dc.date.available2026-06-02T17:11:48Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractEl aceite de palma alto oleico (APAO) es un aceite producto de cultivos híbridos intraespecíficos entre el cruce de la especie E. Guineensis y E. oleífera, que cuenta con ventajas diferenciales, como un mayor contenido de insaturaciones (> 70 g-I2/100 g-aceite), el cual lo convierte en una materia prima ideal para la producción de plastificantes y polioles a base de epóxidos de APAO. En este sentido, en este trabajo se evaluó la epoxidación de APAO con H2O2 mediante la formación ácido peracético in-situ y la resina de intercambio iónico Amberlite IR-120 como catalizador, en donde se evaluó el efecto de la carga de catalizador y ácido acético, la temperatura y la relación molar de los reactantes. Para minimizar el número de experimentos, se empleó un diseño experimental Box-Behnken. La evolución de la reacción se llevó a cabo mediante un método de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano, que permitió cuantificar el contenido de oxígeno oxirano e índice de yodo a lo largo del tiempo. Se evaluaron los fenómenos de transferencia de masa para asegurar cinética intrínseca y se evaluaron diferentes modelos cinéticos propuestos en la literatura (Ley de Potencias, Eley-Rideal y LHHW). Entre estos, los parámetros cinéticos del modelo de Ley de Potencias se ajustaron razonablemente bien a los datos experimentales con errores relativos inferiores al 10%. Este fue usado para el diseño, la optimización y análisis económico del proceso, mostrando su factibilidad técnica y económica. Se llevaron a cabo otros experimentos para evaluar la actividad de la resina tras varios ciclos de reutilización. Se comprobó que los catalizadores heterogéneos aumentaban la selectividad y la productividad en comparación con el H2SO4, y que podían utilizarse hasta 5 ciclos sin pérdida significativa de conversión y selectividad. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractHigh-oleic palm oil (APAO) is an oil produced from intra-specific hybrid crops between the crossbreeding of the species E. Guineensis y E. oleífera, exhibiting differential advantages such as a high degree of unsaturation (> 70 g-I2/100 g-oil), which makes it an ideal raw material for the production of plasticizers and polyols derived from APAO epoxides. In this regard, this work evaluated the epoxidation of APAO with H2O2 by mean of the in-situ peracetic acid process and the ion exchange resine Amberlite IR-120 as a catalyst. The effect of the catalysts and acetic acid loading, temperature and molar ratio of reactants was evaluated. To minimize the number of experiments, a Box-Behnken experimental design was employed. Reaction evolution was tracked using a calibrated near infrared spectroscopic method that enabled to quantify oxirane oxygen content and iodine value along time. Mass transfer phenomena were assessed to ensure intrinsic kinetics, and different kinetic models proposed in the literature (Power Law, Eley-Rideal, LHHW) were evaluated. Among these, the kinetic parameters of the Power Law model were reasonably well fitted to the experimental data with relative errors of less than 10%. This model was confidently used for process design, optimization and economic analysis of the process, proving the technical and economic feasibility of the process. Further experiments were carried out to assess the activity of the resin after several cycles of reuse. It was found that the heterogeneous catalysts increased the selectivity and productivity in comparison with H2SO4, and that it could be used up to 5 cycles without significant loss of conversion and selectivity.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ingeniería Química
dc.description.methodsCon base en el contexto antes presentado, en esta sección se desarrolla una metodología para estudiar experimentalmente el proceso de epoxidación de oleína de APAO utilizando Amberlite IR-120 como catalizador y el posterior ajuste de un modelo cinético. Para ello, inicialmente se describen los materiales y métodos usados en la caracterización de la materia prima, producto y el catalizador; se aborda el montaje experimental durante el proceso de epoxidación, el procedimiento de reacción y se definen los parámetros más importantes para llevar a cabo la reacción. Seguidamente se describen los ensayos preliminares para determinar la influencia de la velocidad de agitación y tamaño de partícula del catalizador para asegurar régimen cinético en el proceso de epoxidación. Igualmente se presenta el diseño experimental Box-Behnken para optimizar el número de ensayos experimentales y evaluar el efecto de la temperatura, carga de catalizador, carga de ácido acético y relación molar de peróxido de hidrogeno sobre el rendimiento del proceso. Finalmente se muestra el procedimiento para la modelación cinética, optimización de la etapa de reacción, estudio de estabilidad del catalizador y análisis técnico económico preliminar del proceso.
dc.description.researchareaBiorrefinerías y Biocombustibles
dc.format.extentxviii, 169 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/90047
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.subject.lembACEITE DE PALMAspa
dc.subject.lembPalm-oileng
dc.subject.lembACEITES VEGETALESspa
dc.subject.lembVegetable oilseng
dc.subject.lembPALMAS OLEAGINOSASspa
dc.subject.lembOil palmseng
dc.subject.lembREACCION DE OXIDACION-REDUCCIONspa
dc.subject.lembOxidation-reduction reactioneng
dc.subject.lembREACCIONES QUIMICASspa
dc.subject.lembChemical reactionseng
dc.subject.lembINJERTOS DE PLANTASspa
dc.subject.lembPlant graftingeng
dc.subject.proposalAceite de palma alto oleicospa
dc.subject.proposalEpóxidosspa
dc.subject.proposalCatalizador heterogéneospa
dc.subject.proposalAmberlite IR-120spa
dc.subject.proposalModelo cinéticospa
dc.subject.proposalHigh-oleic palm oileng
dc.subject.proposalEpoxideseng
dc.subject.proposalHeterogeneous catalysteng
dc.subject.proposalKinetic modeleng
dc.titleEpoxidación de aceite de palma alto oleico utilizando resinas de intercambio iónico como catalizadorspa
dc.title.translatedHigh-oleic palm oil epoxidation using ion exchange resins as a catalysteng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.fundernameSistema General de Regalías y a Colfuturo

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Epoxidación de Aceite de Palma Alto Oleico Utilizando Resinas de Intercambio Iónico como Catalizador.pdf
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Tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Química