Caracterización con marcadores moleculares RAM´S (Random Amplified Microsatellites) de algunas especies del género Erythrina presentes en Colombia

Abstract

El género Erythrina comprende 115 especies distribuidas especialmente en las zonas tropicales en todo el planeta. De las cuales Krukoff (1939a, 1941, 1969) reportó 13 especies para Colombia. Constituidas por árboles leguminosas ubicadas en diferentes zonas agroecológicas (entre 1000 y 3600 m.s.n.m.). El crecimiento y desarrollo de las especies de este género es rápido y su reproducción tanto por semilla como asexual facilitan el manejo y su preservación. El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar con marcadores moleculares RAMs algunas especies del género Erythrina, presentes en Colombia y complementar la descripción morfológica. Se colectaron las Erythrinas más frecuentes en el Valle del Cauca y algunas presentes en el parque de Erythrinas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira.

//Abstract: The genus Erythrina comprises 115 species distributed throughout the tropical zones of the planet. Krukoff (1939 a, 1941, 1969)reported 13 species for Colombia. Formed by leguminous trees located in different agro-ecological zones (between 1000 and 3600 m above the sea).The growth and development of species of this genus is fast and the two both asexual and seed reproductions facilitate the management and preservation. The objective was: to characterize with molecular markers RAMs, some species of the genus Erythrina, present in Colombia and complement the morphological description. It was collected more frequently Erythrinas in the Valle del Cauca and some present in the park of Erythrinas in National University of Colombia at Palmira. It was standardized the method for extracting DNA from the species. For the molecular characterization at the genus level were evaluated accessions of the Erythrina (E. fusca, E. variegata, E. falcata, E. crista-galli, E. indica, E. cochleata, E. amazonica, E. poeppigiana). For the evaluation at the species level, it was evaluated 23 accessions of Erythrina edulis. It was prepared excicata of Erythrinas to complement the collection of the Herbarium "Valley". Literature review was made to complement the morphological description of the species. The evaluation was done using RAMs (Random Amplified Microsatellites). Six primers were used, which produced 103 polymorphic bands with molecular weights from 20 to 1000 bp. With RAMs analysis at a level of similarity of 60% approximately the population was differentiated into six groups according to the species, and related (origin with morphology) of different species of Erythrinas mentioned and besides identified similar materials (species E. sp. 8 and E. sp. 22).It was found a value of 58% of similarity (between E. poeppigiana and the other species), which presented the lowest level of similarity. According to the grouping of the accessions is concluded that there is wide diversity and variation among individuals and between species.