Caracterización de multimorbilidad en adultos mayores de 60 años, en un centro de atención interdisciplinario para pacientes con diagnóstico de demencia en la ciudad de Bogotá
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2018-07-26Resumen
Estudio observacional retrospectivo, en población de ancianos que ingresaron en los años 2016-2017 al Instituto Nacional de Demencias Emanuel. Se evaluaron: características sociodemográficas y clínicas, antecedentes patológicos, prevalencia de multimorbilidad, polifarmacia y síndromes geriátricos; condiciones contribuyentes al deterioro funcional o cognitivo, y características de la evolución.Resumen
Abstract Introduction: It is relevant to describe de situation of the population with dementia en multiple chronic conditions, to offer a model of care that can address their requirements. Objective: Characterization of multimorbidity in elderly population from a interdisciplinary center for patients with diagnosis of Dementia in the city of Bogota. Methods: Retrospective observational study in a population of elders that assisted “Instituto Nacional de Demencias Emanuel” in years 2016-2017. The variables assessed where: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, history of diseases, conditions contributing to the functional or cognitive deterioration, and follow up. Results: In 177 patients, the average age was 78.23 years, 64.4% were women, 60% had low education and 61% had poor socioeconomic status. Sensorial alterations (79.1%), cardiovascular disease (63.8%) and endocrine diseases (41.2%) were predominant. The most frequent severity of dementia was moderate (44,6%) and the most diagnosed disease was Alzheimer (58,8%). Prevalence of multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes were 92,1% and 95% respectively, and 44% had a contributing condition to deterioration. 55,3% patients assisted to a follow up appointment, 26,5% fulfilled a treatment for contributing conditions, and 17,1% improved in at least one of these. 42,9% of the patients at follow up had only pharmacological treatment for the cognitive symptoms; while 68,4% received antipsychotics/antidepressants.. The subjective functional improvement was documented in 21% of patients, but in the Barthel scale only 8% improved. Conclusion: Elderly with dementia have high complexity and multimorbidity, therefore they require a holistic approach and strategies to guarantee their follow up.Palabras clave
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