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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorBindelle, Jérôme
dc.contributor.advisorCamargo, Delmis Omar
dc.contributor.authorMarín Gómez, Alejandra
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-25T19:27:37Z
dc.date.available2020-02-25T19:27:37Z
dc.date.issued2019-12-20
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/75736
dc.description.abstractLa definición de una altura de la pastura que permita maximizar la tasa de consumo de forraje y de nutrientes se ha implementado como una estrategia de manejo sostenible del pastoreo en los sistemas de producción de leche basados en pasturas. El objetivo de esta tesis fue determinar la altura del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov) que permite a las novillas lecheras maximizar la tasa de consumo de forraje y de total de nutrientes digestibles. Adicionalmente, evaluar el efecto de la altura de la pastura de las muestras de forraje del estrato superior (estrato potencialmente pastado por el ganado) sobre la composición química, la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia orgánica (DIVMO) y los principales parámetros de fermentación ruminal in vitro, incluida la producción de CH4. Se llevó a cabo un experimento de pastoreo cuyos tratamientos consistieron en cinco alturas del pasto kikuyo (10, 15, 20, 25 y 30 cm). La tasa de consumo en el corto plazo (STIR, por su sigla en inglés) de forraje se midió con la técnica de doble pesaje y para la determinación de la masa de bocado (MB), tasa de bocado (TB) y tiempo efectivo de alimentación se usó el registrador de movimientos mandibulares IGER behaviour recorder. Se encontró que la altura del pasto kikuyo que maximiza el consumo de forraje y de nutrientes por unidad de tiempo de alimentación fue aproximadamente en 20 cm. Definir alturas del pasto kikuyu muy bajas (10 cm) o muy altas (30 cm) como meta de manejo de pastoreo restringiría la MB y, por lo tanto, la STIR. La composición química y la DIVMO de las muestras de forraje del estrato superior no difirieron en las alturas de la pastura que osciló entre 10 y 25 cm, además, estas alturas de la pastura mostraron una DIVMO más alta que en la altura de 30 cm. La producción de gas in vitro y la DIVMS mostraron un ajuste negativo y lineal con el incremento de la altura. El CH4 (ml/g DIVMS) mostró una respuesta doble lineal similar entre 10 y 20 cm de altura de la pastura, y luego, incrementó con los incrementos de la altura de la pastura superiores a los 21 cm. La proporción molar de acetato (mol / 100 mol) tuvo una respuesta similar a la del CH4 (ml/g DIVMS). La proporción molar del propionato también presentó una respuesta doble lineal pero opuesta a la del CH4 (ml / g DIVMS), aumentando hasta alturas de pastura cercanas a 20 cm y luego disminuyendo. En conclusión, para optimizar la STIR y el TDN-STIR de las novillas lecheras, el pasto kikuyo debe manejarse a 20 cm de altura de la pastura. Adicionalmente, a esta altura de la pastura, la producción in vitro de CH4 (ml / g DIVMS) también se reduciría.
dc.description.abstractThe definition of a sward height that allows maximizing the herbage and nutrient intake rate has been implemented as a sustainable grazing management strategy in forage-based dairy production systems. The aim of this thesis was to determine the sward height of the kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov) that allows dairy heifers to maximize the herbage and total digestible nutrients intake rate. Additionally, assess the effect of sward height from herbage samples of top stratum (stratum potentially grazed by cattle) on the chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and the main in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters, including CH4 production. A grazing experiment was carried out whose treatments consisted of five sward heights of kikuyu grass (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm). Short-term intake rate (STIR) of herbage was measured with the double weighing technique and for the determination of bite mass (BM), bite rate (BR) and the eating time the IGER Behaviour recorder was used. It was found that the sward height of kikuyu grass that maximizes the herbage and nutrient intake per unit of eating time was approximately 20 cm. Define very low (10 cm) or very tall (30 cm) sward heights of kikuyu grass as a grazing management target would constraint the BM, and thus, the STIR. The chemical composition and IVOMD of the herbage samples from the top stratum did not differ in sward heights ranged between 10 to 25 cm, in addition, these sward heights tended to have a higher IVOMD than 30 cm. The in vitro gas production and the IVDMD displayed a negative and linear fit to increasing sward height. The CH4 (ml /g IVDMD) showed a broken line response being similar between 10 to 20 cm sward height, and then, increased with increases in sward height above to 21 cm. The acetate molar proportion (mol/100 mol) had a similar response to CH4 (mL/g IVDMD). The propionate molar proportion (mol/100 mol) also displayed a broken line response but opposite to CH4 (ml /g IVDMD), increasing until sward heights close to 20 cm and then decreasing. In conclusion, to optimize the STIR and TDN-STIR of dairy heifers, kikuyu grass should be managed at 20 cm of sward height. Additionally, at this sward height the in vitro CH4 production (mL/g IVDMD) would be also reduced.
dc.format.extent143
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.titleSward heights for maximizing herbage and nutrient intake rate of dairy heifers grazing kikuyu grass and reduce in vitro methane production
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo
dc.rights.spaAcceso abierto
dc.description.additionalDoctora en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Producción Animal
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.proposalZootecnia
dc.subject.proposalDairy heifers
dc.subject.proposalNovillas lecheras
dc.subject.proposalCH4 mitigation
dc.subject.proposalMitigación de CH4
dc.subject.proposalGrazing management target
dc.subject.proposalSward height
dc.subject.proposalComportamiento ingestivo
dc.subject.proposalManejo del pastoreo
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dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/WP
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