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Extracción selectiva de cobalto y níquel a partir de soluciones de lixiviación mediante la técnica de extracción por solventes basada en líquidos iónicos
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional |
dc.contributor.advisor | Restrepo Baena, Oscar Jaime |
dc.contributor.author | Chaverra Arias, Dairo Ernesto |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-19T21:53:02Z |
dc.date.available | 2020-03-19T21:53:02Z |
dc.date.issued | 2019-03-10 |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/76109 |
dc.description.abstract | El cobalto es un metal que se utiliza en numerosas aplicaciones comerciales, industriales y militares, muchas de las cuales son estratégicas y críticas. Generalmente el cobalto se obtiene como un subproducto de la metalurgia del níquel y su separación representa un problema hidrometalúrgico desafiante. En este trabajo se presenta la síntesis y aplicación de líquidos iónicos de fosfonio en la extracción selectiva de cobalto a partir de soluciones acuosas multimetálicas. Se establece el mecanismo de extracción, se evalúan diferentes parámetros del proceso y se propone un diagrama de flujo de proceso. Se encontró que es posible extraer cobalto a partir de soluciones acuosas en medio sulfato, con la adición de cloruro de sodio. La extracción de cobalto es fuertemente dependiente de la concentración de cloruro en la solución y se da mediante un mecanismo de intercambio aniónico a través de un proceso endotérmico. En los procesos implementados se obtuvieron extracciones de cobalto superiores al 98 %. El proceso de extracción desarrollado es selectivo para el cobalto respecto del níquel, magnesio, calcio y cinc. Adicionalmente en este trabajo se probó que es posible descargar el cobalto de la fase líquido iónico usando agua. Por tanto, se propone un proceso de extracción alternativo a los solventes orgánicos tradicionales. Esta alternativa tiene ventajas adicionales como fácil manejo, menores costos en reactivos y equipos y reducción de riesgos. |
dc.description.abstract | Cobalt is a metal used in numerous commercial, industrial and military applications, many of which are critical and strategic. Usually cobalt is obtained as a byproduct of nickel metallurgy and its separation represents a challenging hydrometallurgical problem. In this work the synthesis and application of phosphonium-based ionic liquids on the selective extraction of cobalt is presented. The extraction mechanism is established, the different parameters of the process are evaluated and a flowsheet of the process is proposed. It has been found that it is possible to extract cobalt from aqueous solutions in sulfate media, with the addition of sodium chloride, using of phosphonium ionic liquids. The cobalt extraction is strongly dependent on the concentration of chloride in the aqueous solution, and is given by an anion exchange mechanism through an endothermic process. Cobalt extractions greater than 98 % were obtained using the proposed methods. The extraction process developed is selective for cobalt over nickel, magnesium, calcium and zinc. Cobalt stripping from the loaded ionic liquid phase using water was proved. Therefore, an alternative extraction process to traditional organic solvents is proposed. This alternative has additional advantages such as easy handling, lower costs in reagents and equipment and risk reduction. |
dc.format.extent | 109 |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf |
dc.language.iso | spa |
dc.rights | Derechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.subject.ddc | 690 - Construcción de edificios::691 - Materiales de construcción |
dc.title | Extracción selectiva de cobalto y níquel a partir de soluciones de lixiviación mediante la técnica de extracción por solventes basada en líquidos iónicos |
dc.type | Otro |
dc.rights.spa | Acceso abierto |
dc.description.additional | Doctor en ingeniería – Ciencia y tecnología de materiales |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/other |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.contributor.corporatename | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Instituto de Minerales CIMEX |
dc.description.degreelevel | Doctorado |
dc.publisher.department | Departamento de Materiales y Minerales |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject.proposal | Extracción de Cobalto |
dc.subject.proposal | Cobalt extraction |
dc.subject.proposal | Extracción por solventes |
dc.subject.proposal | Solvent extraction |
dc.subject.proposal | Phosphonium cation |
dc.subject.proposal | Ion fosfonio |
dc.subject.proposal | Ionic liquids |
dc.subject.proposal | Líquidos iónicos |
dc.subject.proposal | Metallurgical extraction mechanism |
dc.subject.proposal | Mecanismos de extracción metalúrgica. |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843 |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
dc.type.content | Text |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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