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Evaluación del aporte de fuentes al material particulado en la zona urbana de la localidad de Fontibón, Bogotá teniendo en cuenta la caracterización química en diferentes distribuciones de tamaño

dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorRojas, Néstor Yesid
dc.contributor.authorBurbano Ardila, Kelly Johana
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-08T21:26:39Z
dc.date.available2020-10-08T21:26:39Z
dc.date.issued2017-08-02
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78532
dc.description.abstractEl material particulado es el contaminante que más afecta la calidad del aire en las ciudades colombianas, debido a que es el contaminante que más frecuentemente excede las normas establecidas para proteger la salud de la población. Algunas investigaciones han determinado la contribución de diversas fuentes al PM10 en algunos puntos de la ciudad de Bogotá. Sin embargo, no se conocen estudios locales de especiación química para la determinación de la contribución de fuentes en diversos tamaños de partícula de manera simultánea. El propósito del presente trabajo es hacer esta determinación. Se utilizó un impactador de cascada Andersen de ocho etapas en un punto de la ciudad en dos periodos comprendidos entre marzo hasta junio y el otro periodo entre noviembre y diciembre del año 2018, con el fin de obtener la distribución de tamaño del material particulado y captar masa suficiente para determinar su composición química en diferentes intervalos de tamaño. Posteriormente, se estimó la contribución de diversas fuentes al material particulado en dichos intervalos de tamaño. Para la caracterización química fueron cuantificados OC, EC y algunos iones solubles en agua: Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NO2-, Br-, F-, CHOO-, MSA-, PO43-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg+2, Ca2+. La distribución del tamaño de la masa de partículas fue bimodal, con un modo grueso entre 5.1± 1.4µm de diámetro aerodinámico y un modo de acumulación entre 0.9± 2.7µm. Aproximadamente, el 60% de la masa de las partículas finas (PM2.1) consiste en especies carbonáceas, siendo el EC el principal constituyente. La mayor parte de las especies medidas tienen una distribución bimodal, con un pico prominente en el modo grueso, excepto el nitrato, nitrito, metanosulfonato y el amonio, que presentaron un modo dominante de acumulación. Los iones bromuro y fluoruro se presentaron en concentraciones no detectables. En general el anión predominante fue el sulfato para todas las etapas. Para los cationes fueron el calcio y el sodio. Las principales fuentes de la zona para la fracción gruesa son el polvo o abrasión mecánica > combustión de carbón. En el caso del modo acumulación y PM2.5 las principales fuentes son: combustión de carbón > emisiones vehiculares a diésel > combustión de biomasa > emisiones vehiculares a gasolina.
dc.description.abstractParticulate matter is the most harmful pollutant to air quality in Colombian cities since it is the one that most frequently exceeds the limit values established to protect the health of population. Some research studies have determined the contribution of various sources to PM10 and PM2.5 in some parts of the city. However, there have been no local chemical speciation studies for the determination of the contribution of sources in various particle sizes simultaneously. This work aims to better understand the distribution of ambient aerosols in Bogota by characterizing particles in several size fractions. Particulate matter samples were collected using an eight-stage cascade impactor in two sampling periods in the year 2018. The size distribution of the particulate material was obtained, and enough mass was collected to determine its chemical composition in different size ranges. Subsequently, the contribution of various sources to the particulate matter in these size ranges was estimated. The chemical composition was quantified OC, EC and ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NO2-, Br-, F-, CHOO-, MSA-, PO43-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg+2, Ca2+). The mean mass size distribution was bimodal, with the coarse mode at 5.1± 1.4µm and the accumulation mode at 0.9± 2.7µm and its largest fraction was in the coarse mode >2.1 μm (52% of total particle mass). Most of the mass (60%) of fine particles (PM2.1) consists of carbonaceous species, with EC being the main constituent. Most species measured have a bimodal distribution, with a prominent peak in the coarse mode, except for nitrate, nitrite, methanesulphonate and ammonium, which showed a dominant accumulation mode. Bromide and fluoride ions were present in undetectable concentrations. The main source in the area for the coarse fraction is dust or mechanical abrasion. In the case of the fine fraction they are associated with a primary origin, specifically fresh and local vehicle sources that use diesel fuel and gasoline, coal burning, and biomass combustion.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.format.extent197
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química
dc.titleEvaluación del aporte de fuentes al material particulado en la zona urbana de la localidad de Fontibón, Bogotá teniendo en cuenta la caracterización química en diferentes distribuciones de tamaño
dc.typeOtro
dc.rights.spaAcceso abierto
dc.description.projectDeterminación de las fuentes de emisión de material particulado a partir de la caracterización química y distribución de tamaño
dc.description.additionalLínea de Investigación: Calidad del Aire
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/other
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Ambiental
dc.contributor.researchgroupCalidad del Aire
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.proposalParticulate matter
dc.subject.proposalMaterial particulado
dc.subject.proposalCaracterización química
dc.subject.proposalChemical composition
dc.subject.proposalDistribución de tamaño
dc.subject.proposalSize distribution
dc.subject.proposalContribución de fuentes
dc.subject.proposalSource appointment
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
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