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Aprovechamiento de cenizas de fondo de carbón como reemplazante de materia prima en la producción de ladrillos cerámicos
dc.rights.license | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional |
dc.contributor.advisor | Torres Agredo, Janneth |
dc.contributor.author | Benítez Vivas, José Fernando |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-02-02T16:37:23Z |
dc.date.available | 2023-02-02T16:37:23Z |
dc.date.issued | 2022-12-15 |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83247 |
dc.description | Ilustraciones, tablas |
dc.description.abstract | El ladrillo de mampostería es uno de los materiales de construcción más utilizados en todo el mundo, lo que conlleva a una sobreexplotación de sus materias primas. Su producción consume gran cantidad de energía y tiene una alta huella ambiental. La industria de ladrillos de arcilla tiene la capacidad de adicionar residuos a su materia prima. Se ha reportado el uso de residuos del procesamiento del té, residuos de ladrillo, residuo de la industria del papel, residuos del beneficio de café, cenizas de carbón, entre otros. Una empresa de Colombia, productora de derivados de arcilla genera dentro de su proceso de producción 20 Ton/mes de ceniza de fondo de carbón (CFC), residuo que actualmente se envía a disposición final conllevando a sobrecostos. El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar un posible aprovechamiento de este residuo dentro del mismo proceso productivo de la empresa en un contexto de economía circular como reemplazante de materia prima en la elaboración de ladrillos cerámicos. Para el desarrollo de este objetivo inicialmente se caracterizó la ceniza de fondo de carbón por Fluorescencia de Rayos X, difracción de rayos X, análisis de termogravimetría, granulometría laser, microestructura y tamaño de partícula; además, se determinó su densidad, pérdida al fuego y análisis ambiental de lixiviación de metales pesados. Por otro lado, se evaluó la incorporación de cenizas en la elaboración de ladrillos de arcilla, con porcentajes de reemplazo de arena con diferentes muestreos de ceniza en 0, 3, 5 y 7%; además 0, 2, 4,6 y 8%. Por último, se evaluaron las propiedades físicas, mecánicas y ambientales de los ladrillos. Como resultados de los ladrillos con adición de ceniza de fondo de carbón se obtuvo que la absorción de agua, la porosidad aparente, pérdida de peso por calcinación y gravedad específica aparente se incrementaron, mientras que la resistencia a la compresión, contracción total por secado lineal y la densidad aparente disminuyeron con la incorporación de cenizas en las muestras de ladrillos. Los ladrillos con mejor desempeño fueron los adicionados con el 4% de ceniza, ya que estos tuvieron un mejor desempeño en las propiedades evaluadas acorde a la normatividad de Colombia, por lo que este residuo presenta un gran potencial de ser valorizado en este material de construcción. (Texto tomado de la fuente) |
dc.description.abstract | Masonry brick is one of the most widely used building materials in the world, which leads to an overexploitation of its raw materials. Its production consumes high quantity of energy and has a high environmental footprint. The clay brick industry has the ability to add waste to its raw material. The use of tea processing waste, brick waste, waste from the paper industry, waste from coffee mill, coal ash has been reported. A Colombian company, producer of clay derivatives, generates 20 tons/month of coal bottom ash (CBA) within its production process, a residue that is currently sent to final disposal with high cost overruns. The objective of this study was to find a possible use of this waste within the same production process of the company in a context of circular economy as a substitute for raw material in the production of ceramic bricks. For the development of this objective, coal bottom ash was initially characterized by X-ray Fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, laser granulometry, microstructure and particle size; In addition, its density, loss on ignition and environmental analysis of heavy metal leaching were determined. On the other hand, the incorporation of ash in the production of clay bricks was evaluated, with percentages of sand replacement with different ash samples at 0, 3, 5 and 7% and 0, 2, 4.6 and 8%. Finally, the physical, mechanical and environmental properties of the bricks were evaluated. As results of the bricks with the addition of coal bottom ash, it was obtained that the water absorption, the apparent porosity, loss of ignition and apparent specific gravity increased, while the compressive strength, total contraction due to linear drying and the apparent density decreased with the incorporation of ashes in the brick samples. The bricks with the best performance were those added with 4% ash, since these had a better performance in the properties evaluated according to Colombian regulations. Therefore, this waste has great potential to be recovered in this construction material. |
dc.format.extent | xx, 85 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf |
dc.language.iso | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
dc.subject.ddc | 690 - Construcción de edificios::691 - Materiales de construcción |
dc.title | Aprovechamiento de cenizas de fondo de carbón como reemplazante de materia prima en la producción de ladrillos cerámicos |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.publisher.program | Palmira - Ingeniería y Administración - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Ambiental |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación: Materiales y Medio Ambiente (Gimma) |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría |
dc.description.degreename | Maestría en Ingeniería-Ingeniería Ambiental |
dc.description.methods | Se propone una metodología que consiste en 6 etapas fundamentales. La primera etapa consiste en la búsqueda bibliográfica relevante del tema a investigar, después se procede a caracterización físico química, mineralógica y ambiental del residuo (2 y 3 etapa), en la etapa 4 se procede a fabricar los ladrillos con adición de las CFC teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de operación en la empresa con respecto a cantidad de materias primas disponibles. Para la etapa 5, se determinarán parámetros de calidad y ambientales de los ladrillos para definir parámetros óptimos. Por último, en la etapa 6 se procede analizar resultados y escritura de informe final además de socialización a la comunidad académica |
dc.description.researcharea | Aprovechamiento de residuos |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración |
dc.publisher.place | Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Ceniza |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Ashes |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Ceniza de madera |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Wood ash |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Polvo de cenizas |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Fly ash |
dc.subject.proposal | Residuos Industriales |
dc.subject.proposal | Arcilla |
dc.subject.proposal | Economía Circular |
dc.subject.proposal | Sostenibilidad |
dc.subject.proposal | bricks |
dc.subject.proposal | coal bottom ash |
dc.subject.proposal | clay |
dc.subject.proposal | industrial waste |
dc.subject.proposal | circular economy |
dc.subject.proposal | sustainability |
dc.subject.proposal | Ladrillos |
dc.subject.proposal | Cenizas de fondo de carbón |
dc.subject.unesco | Materiales de construcción |
dc.subject.unesco | Building materials |
dc.subject.unesco | Adobe |
dc.subject.unesco | Adobe bricks |
dc.title.translated | Use of coal bottom ash as a raw material replacement for the production of clay bricks |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
dc.type.content | Text |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
oaire.fundername | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general |
dc.description.curriculararea | Ingeniería.Sede Palmira |
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