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dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorRodriguez Sandoval, Eduardo
dc.contributor.advisorSepúlveda Valencia, José Uriel
dc.contributor.authorBejarano Toro, Edinson Eliecer
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-07T20:06:21Z
dc.date.available2023-02-07T20:06:21Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-02
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83370
dc.description.abstractEl tratamiento de lactosuero por medio de las tecnologías de filtración y concentración selectiva de componentes ha mostrado ser eficiente y adecuada para el aprovechamiento y valorización de los componentes de este efluente. Los concentrados de proteínas de lactosuero (WPC) son ingredientes usados por diversos sectores. A nivel de la industria láctea a partir de los WPC se han desarrollado ingredientes como los micropartículados de proteínas de lactosuero (MWP), los cuales han sido usados para productos como postres, helados, yogures y quesos. En los quesos ha ayudado a mejorar las características sensoriales de los productos reducidos en grasa y a aumentar el rendimiento quesero. En la primera fase del trabajo (capitulo 1) el objetivo fue concentrar por ultrafiltración (UF) las proteínas de lactosuero dulce evaluando condiciones de proceso. Se usó una membrana de polietersulfona con tamaño molecular de corte de 10 kDa. El efecto del factor volumétrico de concentración entre 5 y 18 y la presión transmembrana entre 2,5 y 5 bar fueron evaluados sobre el flujo de permeado, coeficiente de retención y rendimiento de retención de la proteína en una metodología de superficie de respuesta. Se aplicó ANOVA de una sola vía para el efecto de la filtración sobre contenido de proteína, sólidos totales, acidez, pH, lactosa, α-lactoalbumina y ß-lactoglobulina. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en contenido de sólidos totales, proteína total e individual, lactosa, pH y acidez. El concentrado de proteína de lactosuero fue 18,2% de los sólidos totales, de los cuales la proteína representa el 45%. En la segunda fase (capitulo 2) se evaluó la diafiltración como una metodología viable para desmineralizar la leche y su impacto en parámetros fisicoquímicos de un queso y un yogurt. Entonces se planteó estudiar el proceso de desmineralización de un concentrado de proteínas de leche (MPC) por medio de varios ciclos de DF y evaluar el efecto de este tratamiento sobre las características composicionales y texturales de productos coagulados enzimáticamente y por acidez. El(MPC) obtenido por ultrafiltración fue diafiltrado en dos ciclos, luego el MPC fue usado para elaborar un queso fresco, un yogurt batido y uno cuchareable. La aplicación de un ciclo de DF removió el 22,2% de las cenizas y 8,12% del calcio, pero no hubo diferencias significativas (P>0,05) con respecto a la aplicación de dos ciclos de DF. El queso elaborado utilizando el MPC con uno y dos ciclos de DF fue menos duro y presentó menor resistencia a la masticación que el elaborado con MPC sin DF, y el yogurt cuchareable presentó menor elasticidad debido al menor contenido de sólidos totales y calcio, los cuales fueron afectados por la DF. La desmineralización parcial aumentó el tiempo de coagulación y favoreció la formación de geles más débiles. La DF alcanzó el máximo de desmineralización de la leche en un solo ciclo. Finalmente, en la tercera fase (capitulo 3) se desarrollaron y optimizaron las condiciones de obtención de un MWP adecuado para su inclusión en la elaboración de queso blanco. Para la optimización del MWP se evaluaron como factores la temperatura y el tiempo del tratamiento térmico y como variables respuesta el potencial Zeta, tamaño de partícula, color, coeficiente de retención de proteína y rendimiento quesero por medio de un diseño de superficie de respuesta con 14 experimentos, de los cuales se obtuvieron unas condiciones óptimas de procesamiento que fueron 93ºC por un tiempo de 17 min en retención. Con respecto a la inclusión del MWP en el queso blanco, se probaron dos niveles de inclusión 3% y 5%; y se evaluó su impacto sobre características de rendimiento quesero, retención de la proteína y el perfil de textura con respecto a un queso control que no fue adicionado con MWP. Se encontró que el 3% de inclusión es más adecuado porque conservó características texturales semejantes a un queso blanco tradicional. De forma general los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación constituyen un avance significativo en el conocimiento sobre la valorización de los componentes del lactosuero dulce, obtenido de la elaboración de quesos frescos como cuajada, queso blanco y quesito antioqueño, que en el contexto colombiano aún no hay estrategias claras para la valorización de este coproducto. Particularmente, se obtuvo una caracterización del lactosuero dulce, que luego fue concentrado por ultrafiltración hasta obtener un WPC 45. Este WPC fue tratado térmica y físicamente para desarrollar un MWP que se incluyó posteriormente en la elaboración de queso blanco. Como resultado general se obtuvo un queso blanco con adición de MWP, con aumento de rendimiento quesero y con mayor retención de proteína. Sin embargo, sensorialmente los quesos fueron impactados en características de textura debido a la retención de humedad generada por las proteínas del lactosuero. (texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractThe filtration and concentration technologies to the whey treatment have been shown to be efficient to use and valuation of the components of this effluent. whey proteins concentrates (WPC) are ingredients used by various sectors. The dairy industry has developed interesting ingredients from WPC like whey proteins microparticulated (MWP), which have been used in deserts, ice cream yogurt and cheeses fabrication. In the cheeses, the MWP has helped to improve sensory characteristics in low-fat products and increasing cheese yield. In the first stage (chapter 1) the objective of this study was to concentrate sweet whey proteins by ultrafiltration and to evaluate the process conditions. A polyethersulfone membrane with molecular weight cut-off of 10 kDa was used. The effect of volumetric concentration factor between 5 and 18, transmembrane pressure between 2.5 and 5 bar were evaluated on the permeate flow, protein retention coefficient, and retention yield using a response surface methodology. One-way ANOVA was applied for filtration effect on protein content, total solids, acidity, pH, lactose, α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin. Significant differences were found in total solids content, total and individual protein, lactose, pH and acidity. Whey protein concentrate had 18.2% of total solids out of which protein represents 45%. In the second stage (chapter 2) it was considered studying the MPC demineralization process with DF and evaluates the effect of this treatment on the compositional and textural characteristics of enzymatically and acid-coagulated products. The MPC of ultrafiltration was diafiltered by two cycles, later this MPC was used to make a fresh cheese, a set yogurt and stirred yogurt. The application of a single DF cycle removed 22.2% of the ashes and 8.12% of the MPC calcium, but no statistically significant differences were present (P> 0.05) between the applications of two DF cycles. The cheeses with MPC undergone to one cycle and two cycles of DF were less hard and presented less resistance to chewing, and the set yogurt showed lower springiness values due a total solids and calcium content, that was affected by DF. These phenomena increased the coagulation time and the formation of weaker gels. The DF achieved the maximum milk demineralization in a single cycle. In the final stage (chapter 3) the conditions for obtaining a suitable MWP for its inclusion in white cheese production were developed and optimized. For the optimization of MWP were evaluated the temperature and the heat treatment time as factors and the zeta potential, particle size, color, protein retention coefficient, and cheese yield as response variables by means of a response surface design with 14 experiments, from which optimal processing conditions were obtained which were 93ºC for a retention time of 17 minutes. Regarding the inclusion of the MWP in white cheese, two levels of inclusion 3% and 5% were tested, and their impact on cheese yield, protein retention and texture profile was evaluated with respect to a control cheese without MWP addition. 3% cheese was the most adequate treatment because the textural characteristics are more similar to traditional white cheese. In general, the results presented in this research constitute a significant advancement of knowledge about sweet whey valorization obtained from fresh cheeses like the cuajada, white cheese and quesito antioqueño, which in the Colombian context there aren’t still strategies to whey solids valorization. sweet whey was characterized, and then it was concentrated by ultrafiltration technology until obtaining a WPC 45. This WPC was thermally and physicochemical treated to develop a MWP that was added in white cheese making. White cheese with MWP had a better yield with higher whey protein retention. Nevertheless, cheese textural characteristics were affected by the moisture retention generated by the whey proteins.
dc.description.sponsorshipAuralac
dc.format.extentxiii, 104 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
dc.titleAprovechamiento del lactosuero dulce para el desarrollo de un concentrado de proteínas séricas obtenidas por tecnología de separación por membranas y su inclusión en la elaboración de queso fresco
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.contributor.researcherBejarano Toro, Edinson
dc.contributor.researcherRodríguez Sandoval, Eduardo
dc.contributor.researcherSepúlveda Valrencia, José Uriel
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Ciencias y Tecnología de Alimentos -Gicta-
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.description.researchareaValorización del lactosuero
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.lembIndustria del queso
dc.subject.lembIndustria de productos lácteos - Aspectos ambientales
dc.subject.proposallactosuero
dc.subject.proposalconcentrado de proteínas
dc.subject.proposalultrafiltración
dc.subject.proposalmicropartículado
dc.subject.proposalcheese whey
dc.subject.proposalultrafiltration
dc.subject.proposalmicroparticulated
dc.title.translatedUse of sweet whey for the development of a whey protein concentrate obtained by membrane separation technology and its inclusion in the fresh cheese production
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dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
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oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitlevalorización del lactosuero por medio de la tecnología de membranas
oaire.fundernameColciencias
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular en Producción Agraria Sostenible
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dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001460058
dc.contributor.googlescholarhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?user=MMhMHygAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao


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