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Caracterización morfológica y molecular de hongos toxigénicos asociados a la mazorca de maíz en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia

dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorGómez López, Eyder Daniel
dc.contributor.authorVelásquez Ortiz, David
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-09T20:27:49Z
dc.date.available2023-02-09T20:27:49Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-02
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83406
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, tablas, fotografías
dc.description.abstractEl maíz es una fuente importante en la alimentación humana y animal, y en la producción de materias primas industriales. Sin embargo, el rendimiento y la calidad del cultivo se ven gravemente reducidos debido a diversas enfermedades ocasionadas por hongos de los géneros Fusarium, Aspergillus y Penicillium, que son la principal fuente de contaminación de este cereal antes y después de la cosecha, pero su importancia radica por la capacidad que tienen en producir diversas micotoxinas que generan una serie de cambios bioquímicos, fisiológicos y patológicos en humanos y animales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar morfológica y molecularmente los hongos toxigénicos asociados a la mazorca de maíz en cultivos del Valle del Cauca. Se realizaron visitas a 25 localidades productoras de maíz, colectando mazorcas secas y asintomáticas. Se obtuvieron 50 aislamientos, siendo el más frecuente Fusarium (42%), seguido de Talaromyces (28%), Penicillium (18%) y Aspergillus (12%). La identificación de los aislamientos se realizó mediante claves taxonómicas y a la amplificación de la región ITS, TEF-1α y β-tubulina, obteniendo un porcentaje de identidad y cobertura entre 99-100%, logrando la identificación de especies de importancia económica causantes de varias enfermedades en el cultivo de maíz y con la capacidad de producir importantes micotoxinas, como lo son F. verticillioides, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum y A. niger. Además, se da conocer el primer reporte en Colombia y en el Valle del Cauca de 9 especies asociadas a la mazorca de maíz como F. sororula, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, A. wentii, P. citrinum, T. funiculosus, T. sayulitensis, T. stollii y T. wortmannii. La detección de las micotoxinas se realizó mediante la amplificación por PCR de las regiones AflS, TRI5, FUM y PKS13 implicadas en la biosíntesis de aflatoxinas (AFL), deoxinivalenol (DON), fumonisinas (FUM) y zearalenona (ZEA), y la cuantificación se realizó mediante el análisis cuantitativo ELISA utilizando kits Veratox de Neogen. Los resultados revelaron que, de los 50 aislamientos, 24 amplificaron por PCR a la detección de AFL, DON, FUM y ZEA, los cuales presentaron altas concentraciones, especialmente de fumonisinas, superando los niveles máximos establecidos por la FDA de los EE. UU, la Comisión Europea de la Unión Europea y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Así mismo, se da a conocer el primer reporte a nivel mundial de la presencia y producción de DON y ZEA por la especie F. sororula y de AFL por A. sydowii en el maíz. La identificación y caracterización de estos hongos toxigénicos y la evaluación oportuna de las micotoxinas permiten el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las diferentes estrategias de prevención, control y vigilancia de estos contaminantes que garantizan la calidad e inocuidad del maíz y los productos derivados destinados al consumo humano y animal. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important source for human and animal nutrition, and for the production of industrial raw materials. However, the yield and quality of the crop are significantly reduced due to several diseases caused by fungi of the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, which are the main source of contamination of this cereal before and after harvest, but its importance is based on their capacity to produce several mycotoxins that generate a series of biochemical, physiological and pathological changes in humans and animals. The objective of this investigation was to characterize morphologically and molecularly toxigenic fungi associated with corn cobs in crops of Valle del Cauca. Visits were made to 25 maize-producing localities, collecting dry and asymptomatic cobs. Fifty isolates were obtained, the most frequent being Fusarium (42%), followed by Talaromyces (28%), Penicillium (18%) and Aspergillus (12%). Isolates were identified by taxonomic keys and amplification of the ITS region, TEF-1α and β-tubulin, obtaining a percentage of identity and coverage between 99-100%, achieving the identification of species of economic importance that cause several diseases in the corn crop and with the capacity to produce important mycotoxins, such as F. verticillioides, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and A. niger. In addition, this is the first report in Colombia and in Valle del Cauca of 9 species associated with corn cob such as F. sororula, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, A. wentii, P. citrinum, T. funiculosus, T. sayulitensis, T. stollii and T. wortmannii. Mycotoxin detection was performed by PCR amplification of AflS, TRI5, FUM and PKS13 regions involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins (AFL), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) and zearalenone (ZEA), and quantification was performed by quantitative ELISA analysis using Neogen's Veratox kits for each mycotoxin. The results revealed that, of the 50 isolates, 24 amplified by PCR for the detection of AFL, DON, FUM and ZEA, which presented high concentrations, especially of fumonisins, exceeding the maximum levels established by the FDA of the USA, the European Commission of the European Union and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia. Also, the first worldwide report on the presence and production of DON and ZEA by the species F. sororula and AFL by A. sydowii in maize is presented. The identification and characterization of these toxigenic fungi and the opportune evaluation of mycotoxins allow the development and strengthening of different strategies for the prevention, control and monitoring of these contaminants that guarantee the quality and safety of corn and derived products destined for human and animal consumption.
dc.format.extentxx, 133 páginas + anexos
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::632 - Lesiones, enfermedades, plagas vegetales
dc.titleCaracterización morfológica y molecular de hongos toxigénicos asociados a la mazorca de maíz en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programPalmira - Ciencias Agropecuarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.contributor.researchgroupProtección Vegetal Para El Mejoramiento de la Productividad
dc.coverage.regionValle del Cauca, Colombia
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.description.methodsEl objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar morfológica y molecularmente los hongos toxigénicos asociados a la mazorca de maíz en cultivos del Valle del Cauca. Se realizaron visitas a 25 localidades productoras de maíz, colectando mazorcas secas y asintomáticas. Se obtuvieron 50 aislamientos, siendo el más frecuente Fusarium (42%), seguido de Talaromyces (28%), Penicillium (18%) y Aspergillus (12%). La identificación de los aislamientos se realizó mediante claves taxonómicas y a la amplificación de la región ITS, TEF-1α y β-tubulina, obteniendo un porcentaje de identidad y cobertura entre 99-100%, logrando la identificación de especies de importancia económica causantes de varias enfermedades en el cultivo de maíz y con la capacidad de producir importantes micotoxinas, como lo son F. verticillioides, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum y A. niger. Además, se da conocer el primer reporte en Colombia y en el Valle del Cauca de 9 especies asociadas a la mazorca de maíz como F. sororula, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, A. wentii, P. citrinum, T. funiculosus, T. sayulitensis, T. stollii y T. wortmannii. La detección de las micotoxinas se realizó mediante la amplificación por PCR de las regiones AflS, TRI5, FUM y PKS13 implicadas en la biosíntesis de aflatoxinas (AFL), deoxinivalenol (DON), fumonisinas (FUM) y zearalenona (ZEA), y la cuantificación se realizó mediante el análisis cuantitativo ELISA utilizando kits Veratox de Neogen
dc.description.researchareaProtección de Cultivos
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias
dc.publisher.placePalmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject.agrovocHongos
dc.subject.agrovocFungi
dc.subject.agrovocMorfología fúngica
dc.subject.agrovocFungal morphology
dc.subject.agrovocMaíz
dc.subject.agrovocMaize
dc.subject.agrovocMycotoxins
dc.subject.proposalFusarium
dc.subject.proposalAspergillus
dc.subject.proposalPenicillium
dc.subject.proposalTalaromyces
dc.subject.proposalPCR
dc.subject.proposalELISA
dc.subject.proposalDetección
dc.subject.proposalMicotoxinas
dc.title.translatedMorphological and molecular characterization of toxigenic fungi associated with corn cob in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dc.description.curricularareaCiencias Agropecuarias.Sede Palmira
dc.contributor.orcidVelásquez-Ortiz, David [0000-0003-0781-099X]


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