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Caracterización clínica del personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por Sars-cov-2/Covid-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021

dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorFajardo Rodríguez, Hugo Alberto
dc.contributor.authorPineda Jiménez, Laura María
dc.coverage.temporal2020-2021
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-03T19:57:43Z
dc.date.available2023-03-03T19:57:43Z
dc.date.issued2023-03-03
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83590
dc.descriptionilustraciones, gráficas, tablas
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCCIÓN: Aún se desconoce la carga de la pandemia del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) en la población activa. Las poblaciones críticas para la seguridad, como los titulares de certificados aeromédicos, deben ser monitoreadas para evaluar el tipo, la gravedad y las secuelas después de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Este estudio describe las características clínicas de los titulares de certificados médicos con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 notificados a la Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia (AACC), en los años 2020 y 2021. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre los reportes obligatorios de infecciones confirmadas por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en titulares de certificados aeromédicos durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se observaron y reportaron frecuencias individuales y agrupadas para datos demográficos, síntomas y gravedad de la infección y fueron analizados utilizando una base de datos consolidada de la AACC. RESULTADOS: La AACC cuenta con 14.089 titulares de certificados aeromédicos, de los cuales 679 (4,82%) reportaron la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. De ellos, 332 (48,89%) reportaron datos completos de su evento, en su mayoría hombres 206 (62,05%), edad media 38,29 años (DE: 10,94), de los cuales 87 (26,20%) fueron asintomáticos, 211 (63,55%) presentaron infección leve, 28 (8,43%) severa y 6 (1,81%) crítica. Tres titulares de certificados (0,44%) fueron reportados fallecidos. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron respiratorios 213 (64,16%), comprendiendo tos seca 137 (41,27%), odinofagia 125 (37,65%), rinorrea 114 (34,34%) y disnea 69 (20,78%); seguido de síntomas generales 197 (59,34%), como adinamia 119 (35,84%), malestar general 117 (35,24%) y fiebre 82 (24,70%); 149 (44,88%) refirieron síntomas neurológicos, entre ellos cefalea 111 (33,43%), hiposmia/anosmia 83 (25,00%) y disgeusia/ageusia 64 (19,28%). Finalmente, la mayoría de las complicaciones fueron respiratorias 38 (11,45%), incluyendo neumonía leve 29 (8,73%) y grave 9 (2,71%) y, complicaciones infecciosas 10 (3,01%), como la sobreinfección bacteriana, sepsis, y shock séptico (2,11%, 1,51% y 1,20%, respectivamente). DISCUSIÓN: Las características clínicas de las infecciones por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en titulares de certificados aeromédicos colombianos son similares a las reportadas en la literatura para población general, aún se está evaluando los efectos a largo plazo de esta afectación. Conocer las características clínicas de la infección en esta población de alto impacto contribuirá a la construcción de futuras acciones, programas y políticas para garantizar el mejor desempeño humano en sus roles críticos para la seguridad y para mejorar los procesos de toma de decisiones en la certificación aeromédica. (Texto tomado de la fuente).
dc.description.abstractINTRODUCTION: The burden of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) pandemic in working populations is still unknown. Safety-critical populations, such as aeromedical certificate holders, should be monitored to assess type, severity, and squeals after the infection by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. This study describes the clinical characteristics of medical certificate holders with confirmed SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection reported to the Civil Aviation Authority of Colombia (CAAC), in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was performed on the mandatory reports of confirmed SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infections in aeromedical certificate holders during 2020 and 2021. Individual and grouped frequencies for demographics, symptoms, and severity of infection were observed and reported, and analyzed using a consolidated CAAC database. RESULTS: CAAC counts 14.089 aeromedical certificate holders, of which 679 (4,82%) reported for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection. Of those, 332 (48,89%) submitted complete data of their event, mostly male 206 (62,05%), mean age 38,29 years (SD: 10,94), of which 87 (26,20%) were asymptomatic, 211 (63,55%) presented with mild, 28 (8,43%) with severe, and 6 (1,81%) with life-threatening infection. Three certificate holders (0,44%) were reported deceased. Most frequently reported symptoms were respiratory 213 (64,16%), comprising dry cough 137 (41,27%), odynophagia 125 (37,65%), rhinorrhea 114 (34,34%) and dyspnea 69 (20,78%); followed by general symptoms 197 (59,34%), such as adynamia 119 (35,84%), malaise 117 (35,24%), and fever 82 (24,70%); 149 (44,88%) reported neurological symptoms, including headache 111 (33,43%), hyposmia/anosmia 83 (25,00%) and dysgeusia/ageusia 64 (19,28%). Finally, most complications were respiratory 38 (11,45%), including mild 29 (8,73%) and severe pneumonia 9 (2,71%) and infectious complications 10 (3,01%), such as bacterial superinfection, sepsis, and septic shock (2,11%, 1,51%, and 1,20% respectively). DISCUSSION: Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infections in Colombian aeromedical certificate holders are similar to those reported in the literature for general populations, the long-term effects of this affectation is still being assessed. Knowing clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infections in this high-impact population will inform future actions, programs and policies for assuring top human performance in their safety-critical roles, and to improve certification decision-making processes.
dc.format.extent131 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::613 - Salud y seguridad personal
dc.titleCaracterización clínica del personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por Sars-cov-2/Covid-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Especialidad Médica
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Especialidad en Medicina Aeroespacial
dc.description.notesIncluye anexos
dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpertGarcía Morales, Diego Manuel
dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpertGiraldo Alzate, Johana
dc.contributor.technicalvalidatorSalamanca Benavides, María Angelita
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.coverage.tgnhttp://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000050
dc.description.degreelevelEspecialidades Médicas
dc.description.degreenameEspecialista en Medicina Aeroespacial
dc.description.methodsTIPO DE ESTUDIO Estudio observacional retrospectivo, transversal. POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA • Población blanco: Personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. • Población accesible: Personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021. • Población de estudio: Personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021, que cumplan los criterios de elegibilidad. • Cálculo del tamaño de la muestra: En este estudio se tomará el total de la población accesible que cumpla los criterios de elegibilidad, por lo cual no se llevará a cabo cálculo del tamaño de muestra (n=679). • Técnica de muestreo: En este estudio se tomará el total de la población accesible que cumpla los criterios de elegibilidad, por lo cual no se llevará a cabo muestreo. CRITERIOS DE ELEGIBILIDAD Criterios de inclusión: • Personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021. Criterios de exclusión: • Información reportada por el personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado de forma incompleta o insuficiente para el estudio. TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTO DE RECOLECCIÓN • Fuentes de información: Las fuentes de información serán secundarias, ya que la recolección de la información se hará a partir de la historia clínica reportada por el individuo a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia y su certificación aeromédica. • Instrumento de recolección: Para facilitar la recolección de los datos, se creará un instrumento en el cual se incluirán las variables socio-demográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas del personal aeronáutico aeromédicamente certificado con infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 reportado a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, en los años 2020 y 2021 (Anexo N°1). Por cada paciente incluido en el estudio, será diligenciado el instrumento de recolección por los investigadores del proyecto, bajo un carácter confidencial incluyendo la información estrictamente necesaria para cumplir con los objetivos planteados. • Proceso de recolección de la información: Inicialmente, se revisarán los datos de la historia clínica reportada por el paciente a la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, la información del instrumento con relación a la carga de morbilidad, se complementará a través de la revisión de su certificación aeromédica. • Prueba piloto: Se llevará a cabo una prueba piloto con el 10% de los individuos que hagan parte de la población de estudio, con el fin de llevar a cabo los ajustes que sean pertinentes, además, los resultados obtenidos serán incluidos en el estudio. • Procesamiento de la información y plan de análisis: El procesamiento de la información se realizará mediante la construcción de una base de datos en Excel 2016 de Microsoft que será estandarizada y revisada cuidadosamente evitando así errores de digitalización. Para llevar a cabo los objetivos específicos de carácter descriptivo de la investigación, se realizará un análisis univariado y como el estudio es cuantitativo se implementarán métodos estadísticos para su interpretación, dependiendo del tipo de variable: Si son cualitativas se determinará las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Si es cuantitativa se hará por medio de medidas de tendencia central (media o mediana) y medidas de dispersión (desviación estándar o rango intercuartílico) según sea la distribución de la variable por la prueba de normalidad de Kolomogorov-Smirnov. Se utilizó la prueba Chi2 de Pearson con una distribución binomial para las variables dicotómicas y, para aquellas politómicas se aplicó la prueba de Chi2 de homogeneidad, teniendo en cuenta una significancia estadística ≤ a 0.05. Adicionalmente, el test exacto de Fisher se utilizó cuando alguno de los registros era ≤ a 5.   CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS Esta investigación estará regida por la resolución 008430 de 1993 del Ministerio de Salud de la República de Colombia, por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud, pues esta se realizará basándose en el respeto y la confidencialidad por quienes deseen participar en la investigación, siguiendo así todos los principios éticos, con el fin que generar un bienestar a la comunidad educativa del Posgrado de Medicina Aeroespacial de la de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y de la Unidad Administrativa Especial de la Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. De esta resolución se destaca el siguiente artículo: Artículo 11 - Según el presente artículo nuestra investigación se clasifica como “Investigación sin riesgo”, puesto que se tomarán los datos de la historia clínica enviada por el individuo y se complementará a través de la revisión de su certificación aeromédica.
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.relation.indexedBireme
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.decsSARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.decsSARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.decsEpidemiología Clínica
dc.subject.decsClinical Epidemiology
dc.subject.proposalSARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.proposalCOVID-19
dc.subject.proposalCaracterísticas clínicas
dc.subject.proposalPersonal aeronáutico
dc.subject.proposalAviación
dc.subject.proposalMedicina aeroespacial
dc.subject.proposalClinical characteristics
dc.subject.proposalAeronautical personnel
dc.subject.proposalAviation
dc.subject.proposalAerospace medicine
dc.subject.unescoAviación civil
dc.subject.unescoCivil aviation
dc.title.translatedClinical characterization of medical certificate holders with confirmed Sars-cov-2 infection reported to the Civil Aviation Authority of Colombia, 2020-2021
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores


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