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Determinación de grupos heteróticos en líneas endogámicas de maíz tropical mediante cruzamientos dialélicos y marcadores SNP
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional |
dc.contributor.advisor | Chacón Sánchez, María Isabel |
dc.contributor.advisor | Mayor Durán, Victor Manuel |
dc.contributor.author | Torres González, Laura Marcela |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-10T16:47:42Z |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-10T16:47:42Z |
dc.date.issued | 2023 |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84523 |
dc.description | Ilustraciones, gráficas, tablas |
dc.description.abstract | Uno de los objetivos principales de los programas de mejoramiento genético de maíz es desarrollar líneas parentales endocriadas de alto valor genético que al ser cruzadas puedan producir híbridos con características agronómicas superiores. En Colombia, la obtención de este tipo de híbridos es de alto interés ya que pueden ayudar a aumentar el rendimiento y la producción de maíz y cerrar la brecha que existe entre la producción nacional y la importación de maíz que actualmente es del 74%. Actualmente el programa de mejoramiento genético de maíz de Semillas Valle no cuenta con una caracterización del germoplasma que le permita establecer estrategias eficientes para la obtención de híbridos de alto rendimiento. En el presente estudio se llevó a cabo la clasificación de líneas endocriadas en grupos heteróticos a partir de datos genómicos empleando marcadores moleculares tipo SNP y variables fenotípicas en 66 líneas del programa de mejoramiento de Semillas Valle S.A., y a partir de datos de campo de un ensayo de tipo dialelo donde participaron 30 parentales. A partir de un análisis de clúster de los datos SNPs se identificaron tres grupos heteróticos o subpoblaciones. Por otra parte, los resultados del dialelo permitieron clasificar las líneas en dos grupos heteróticos basados en los efectos de la habilidad combinatoria específica (HCE), y en tres grupos basados en la habilidad combinatoria general para múltiples rasgos (HGCAMT). Sin embargo, la integración de las metodologías podría proveer más información respecto a los grupos heteróticos presentes en la población evaluada. (Texto tomado de la fuente) |
dc.description.abstract | One of the main objectives on the maize breeding programs is the development of parental inbred lines of high genetic value, which crossings could produce new hybrids with improved agronomic characteristics. In Colombia, obtaining this kind of hybrids is highly interesting because it can help to obtain better yielding and improve the maize production, to close the gap between the national production and the maize imports, which currently represents the 74% of the internal consume. Currently, the Semillas Valle maize breeding program does not have with the characterization of the germplasm to be used in the establishment efficient strategies for the high yielding hybrids. In this study, we are going to evaluate the classification of inbred lines into heterotic groups using SNP molecular markers, and field data of 66 lines from the Semillas Valle S.A. maize breeding program, and from field data of a diallel crossing essay where 30 parental lines participate. From a cluster analysis of the SNPs data, we identify three heterotic groups or subpopulations. In the other hand, diallel results allows us to infer three different groups. Nevertheless, the integration of both methodologies could provide additional information about the heterotic groups present in the population. |
dc.description.sponsorship | Semillas Valle S.A. |
dc.format.extent | xix, 91 páginas + anexos |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf |
dc.language.iso | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.subject.ddc | 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución |
dc.title | Determinación de grupos heteróticos en líneas endogámicas de maíz tropical mediante cruzamientos dialélicos y marcadores SNP |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.publisher.program | Palmira - Ciencias Agropecuarias - Maestría en Ciencias Agrarias |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ciencias Agrarias |
dc.description.methods | En el ensayo se incluyeron 30 líneas élite del programa de mejoramiento de Semillas Valle S.A como parentales, 15 líneas de grano color blanco y 15 líneas de grano color amarillo. Las líneas fueron seleccionadas por ser las líneas parentales con mayor cantidad de híbridos experimentales formados desde 2013. Con ayuda de la herramienta informática Semillas (v. 2018) (Semillas Valle S.A.), se programaron cruzamientos entre los 30 parentales, sin incluir los recíprocos, de acuerdo con el método II descrito por Griffing (1956), para un total de 435 cruzamientos [(P(P-1)) /2] y los 30 parentales. La obtención de semilla se realizó en las instalaciones del Centro Experimental Guillermo Paz Casas de Semillas Valle S.A. ubicado en el municipio de El Cerrito, Valle del Cauca. Los cruzamientos fueron formados mediante polinizaciones manuales para asegurar la integridad genética de los materiales. Para ello, las líneas hembra y macho se sembraron en una relación de 2 surcos a 1, respectivamente. Cada hembra se dispuso en campo en 2 surcos de 2 metros, separados a 0,8 m entre surcos, en grupos de 10 a 15 hembras seguidas por el macho correspondiente para la formación del híbrido. Los parentales se obtuvieron mediante autopolinizaciones manuales, en 2 surcos de 2 metros cada uno. La trazabilidad de los procesos de campo se realizó identificando cada genotipo con un código QR sobre el cual se registraron, además de la información de los cruzamientos realizados, los datos fenotípicos recolectados para cada material. La cosecha de dichos materiales se realizó de forma manual al momento de madurez fisiológica (aprox. 105 días después de siembra). La semilla fue llevada a secamiento en las celdas de secado de la planta de beneficio de semillas de Semillas Valle S.A., ubicada en el municipio de Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, hasta alcanzar el 14% de humedad. Posteriormente se seleccionó manualmente por el equipo experimentado de Semillas Valle y fue almacenada en cuarto frío a 4°C hasta la siembra para garantizar su calidad fisiológica. |
dc.description.researcharea | Genética y Fitomejoramiento |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias |
dc.publisher.place | Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Fitomejoramiento |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Plant breeding |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Marcadores genéticos |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Genetic markers |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Endogamia |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Inbreeding |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Análisis dialelo |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Diallel analysis |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Técnicas genéticas |
dc.subject.agrovoc | Genetic techniques |
dc.subject.proposal | Grupos heteróticos |
dc.subject.proposal | Maíz tropical |
dc.subject.proposal | Dialelo |
dc.subject.proposal | Habilidad combinatoria específica |
dc.subject.proposal | SNP |
dc.subject.proposal | Análisis de clúster |
dc.subject.proposal | Heterotic groups |
dc.subject.proposal | Tropical maize |
dc.subject.proposal | Diallel |
dc.subject.proposal | Specific combine ability |
dc.subject.proposal | SNP |
dc.title.translated | Heterotic grouping of tropical maize inbred lines using Diallel crosses and SNP markers |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
dc.type.content | Text |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores |
dc.description.curriculararea | Ciencias Agropecuarias.Sede Palmira |
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