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Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre la resiliencia de bosques tropicales de tierras bajas

dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorArmenteras Pascual, Dolors
dc.contributor.authorMeza Elizalde, María Constanza
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-26T17:50:12Z
dc.date.available2024-01-26T17:50:12Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85466
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, figuras
dc.description.abstractEn las últimas décadas, se ha observado un aumento en la frecuencia e intensidad de los incendios forestales en los bosques inundables neotropicales, que se encuentran inmersos en la matriz de sabana. Esto plantea preocupaciones sobre los efectos en la diversidad y resiliencia de estos ecosistemas. Con el objetivo de comprender el impacto de los incendios forestales en la resiliencia de los bosques inundables de la cuenca del Orinoco, se llevó a cabo un estudio para analizar los cambios en la composición, estructura y diversidad taxonómica y funcional después de incendios de moderada y alta severidad e intensidad. También se investigaron los rasgos funcionales de evitación, resistencia y regeneración en especies forestales que podrían conferirles una ventaja de respuesta al fuego: haciendo análisis interespecíficos para las especies más dominantes e intraespecíficos para el saladillo rojo (Caraipa llanorum). Por último, se realizó un análisis multitemporal para evaluar la evolución de los combustibles vivos y leñosos muertos a tres, cinco y siete años posteriores a los incendios. El fuego provocó una homogeneización tanto taxonómica como funcional en la comunidad de árboles y palmas de los bosques, lo que redujo la diversidad y favoreció a especies con características similares. Se observó que el fuego filtró especies con rasgos de resistencia, como cortezas más gruesas, características caducifolias y mayor espesor foliar, que les brindan capacidad de supervivencia. A nivel intraespecífico, se identificó que el saladillo, tiene estrategias adquisitivas en bosques no quemados y estrategias conservativas en bosques quemados y sábanas propensas al fuego. Finalmente, se encontró que el fuego también provocó una disminución significativa en la cobertura del dosel y la biomasa aérea, así como una simplificación estructural del bosque. Estos cambios se asociaron con un aumento en la invasión de pastos y una mayor carga de combustible leñoso en bosques quemados, lo que aumenta su vulnerabilidad a futuros incendios. Los hallazgos de este estudio resaltan la importancia de comprender los efectos de los incendios forestales en los ecosistemas sensibles al fuego, como los bosques inundables. Adicionalmente, Asimismo, muestran que los bosques son altamente dinámicos después de la perturbación por incendios, lo que subraya la necesidad de un monitoreo continuo para la toma de decisiones oportunas de gestión tendientes a reducir el riesgo a incendios forestales y garantizar la conservación efectiva de la diversidad y funcionalidad de estos ecosistemas. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractIn recent decades, an increase in the frequency and intensity of forest fires has been observed in the neotropical floodplain forests, which are immersed in the savanna matrix. This raises concerns about the effects on the diversity and resilience of these ecosystems. With the aim of understanding the impact of forest fires on the resilience of the Orinoco floodplain forests, a study was conducted to analyze the changes in composition, structure, and taxonomic and functional diversity following fires of moderate and high severity and intensity. Functional traits related to avoidance, resistance, and regeneration were also investigated in forest species that could confer them a fire response advantage, conducting interspecific analysis for the dominant species and intraspecific analysis for the red saladillo (Caraipa llanorum). Finally, a multi-temporal analysis was performed to assess the evolution of live and dead fuel components three, five, and seven years after the fires. The fires resulted in both taxonomic and functional homogenization in the tree and palm community of the forests, reducing diversity and favoring species with similar traits. It was observed that the fires filtered species with resistance traits such as thicker bark, deciduous characteristics, and greater leaf thickness, which provide them with survival capacity. At the intraspecific level, it was identified that the saladillo species adopts acquisitive strategies in unburned forests and conservative strategies in burned forests and fire-prone savannas. Moreover, the fires also led to a significant reduction in canopy coverage and aboveground biomass, as well as structural simplification of the forest. These changes were associated with increased grass invasion and a higher load of woody fuel in burned forests, which increases their vulnerability to future fires. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the effects of forest fires on fire-prone ecosystems like floodplain forests. Additionally, they demonstrate that forests are highly dynamic following fire disturbances, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring to make timely management decisions to reduce the risk of forest fires and ensure effective conservation of the diversity and functionality of these ecosystems.
dc.format.extentxxviii, 308 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::577 - Ecología
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::578 - Historia natural de los organismos y temas relacionados
dc.subject.lccResiliencia (Ecología)
dc.subject.lccResilience (Ecology)
dc.subject.lccEcología del fuego
dc.subject.lccFire ecology
dc.titleEfectos de los incendios forestales sobre la resiliencia de bosques tropicales de tierras bajas
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - Biología
dc.contributor.researchgroupEcología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas - ECOLMOD
dc.coverage.regionOrinoquía
dc.description.degreelevelDoctorado
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias - Biología
dc.description.researchareaEcología
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.lembIncendios forestales
dc.subject.lembForest fires
dc.subject.lembAdaptación (Biología)
dc.subject.lembAdaptation (biology)
dc.subject.lembEstrés (Fisiología)
dc.subject.lembStress (Physiology)
dc.subject.proposalEcología del fuego
dc.subject.proposalFire Ecology
dc.subject.proposalCombustibles forestales
dc.subject.proposalForest fuels
dc.subject.proposalRasgos de plantas
dc.subject.proposalPlant traits
dc.subject.proposalOrinoquía
dc.subject.proposalOrinoco Basin
dc.subject.proposalIncendios forestales
dc.subject.proposalForest fires
dc.subject.proposalForest fuels load
dc.title.translatedForest fire effects on the resilience of lowland tropical forest
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleDegradation of Tropical Forest in Colombia: Impacts of Fire
oaire.awardtitleAdaptación de la vegetación al cambio climático y al fuego en tierras bajas de la Orinoquia
oaire.awardtitleDiseño participativo de estrategias para la reducción de incendios forestales, la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo regional en paisajes multifuncionales del Vichada
oaire.fundernameUSAID - Asociación para una mayor participación en la investigación (PEER)
oaire.fundernameDepartamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia (COLCIENCIAS)
oaire.fundernameSistema General de Regalías - Departamento del Vichada
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
dc.contributor.orcidMeza Elizalde, María Contanza [0000000298332980]
dc.contributor.researchgateMeza Elizalde, Maria Constanza [Maria-Constanza-Meza-Elizalde]
dc.subject.wikidataEcología de sistemas
dc.subject.wikidataSystems ecology
dc.subject.wikidataWildfire


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