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Asesoría farmacológica para prevenir eventos adversos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos en un hospital universitario en Bogotá FASE 1: Frecuencia de eventos adversos y errores de prescripción
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional |
dc.contributor.advisor | Maldonado, Carlos |
dc.contributor.advisor | Orozco, José |
dc.contributor.advisor | Londoño, Darío |
dc.contributor.author | Arbeláez Ariza, Carlos Emilio |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-01-29T18:24:52Z |
dc.date.available | 2024-01-29T18:24:52Z |
dc.date.issued | 2024-01 |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85485 |
dc.description | ilustraciones a blanco y negro, diagramas |
dc.description.abstract | Asesoría Farmacológica Para Prevenir Eventos Adversos En Una Unidad De Cuidados Intensivos En Un Hospital Universitario En Bogotá FASE 1: Frecuencia de eventos adversos y errores de prescripción Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de cohorte en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio entre julio y agosto de 2005, que incluyó 63 pacientes y registró 2209 órdenes médicas en 250 días-paciente de seguimiento. Se encontró que 54.9% de las órdenes iniciales y 32.3% de las órdenes de seguimiento presentaban errores de prescripción, siendo más comunes la administración de medicamentos contraindicados, interacciones de alto riesgo y el uso fuera de indicaciones aprobadas. Se encontró que las órdenes con estos errores tenían una frecuencia de efectos adversos del 32.9%, mientras que las órdenes sin errores mostraban un 22.9%. Estos datos sugieren que aproximadamente el 30.4% de los efectos adversos podrían haberse evitado mediante una intervención que identificara y previniera estos errores de prescripción. Además, se identificó que de los 110 medicamentos empleados en la UCI, diez causaron el 50% de los efectos adversos y veinticinco medicamentos el 80%. Se propone la intervención de un farmacólogo en la UCI para analizar las prescripciones, detener el uso de medicamentos contraindicados, prevenir interacciones de alto riesgo y corregir el uso fuera de indicaciones aprobadas. Esta intervención también incluiría la identificación temprana de errores de prescripción y eventos adversos, el apoyo en su manejo y el diseño de herramientas educativas continuas para mejorar los hábitos de prescripción médica y, por ende, la efectividad del tratamiento farmacológico en la UCI. (Texto tomado de la fuente) |
dc.description.abstract | Pharmacological Counseling to Prevent Adverse Events in an Intensive Care Unit at a University Hospital in Bogotá PHASE 1: Frequency of Adverse Events and Prescription Errors An observational cohort study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of San Ignacio University Hospital during July and August 2005. The study included 63 patients and recorded 2209 medical orders during 250 patient-days of follow-up. The findings revealed that 54.9% of the initial orders and 32.3% of the follow-up orders presented prescription errors, with the most common being administration of contraindicated medications, high-risk interactions, and off-label use. Orders with these errors showed an adverse effects frequency of 32.9%, while error-free orders displayed 22.9%. These results suggest that approximately 30.4% of adverse effects could have been prevented through intervention identifying and preventing these prescription errors. Furthermore, it was identified that ten medications caused 50% of the adverse effects, and twenty-five medications accounted for 80%, highlighting the importance of prioritizing these drugs in risk mitigation strategies. Consequently, the intervention of a pharmacologist in the ICU is proposed to analyze prescriptions, halt the use of contraindicated medications, prevent high-risk interactions, and correct off-label use. This intervention would also involve early identification of prescription errors and adverse events, support in their management, and the design of continuous educational tools to enhance medical prescription habits and thereby improve the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment in the ICU. |
dc.format.extent | xiv, 84 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf |
dc.language.iso | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.subject.ddc | 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica |
dc.title | Asesoría farmacológica para prevenir eventos adversos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos en un hospital universitario en Bogotá FASE 1: Frecuencia de eventos adversos y errores de prescripción |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Farmacología |
dc.coverage.city | Bogotá |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ciencias - Farmacología |
dc.description.methods | El Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio ha implementado el sistema SAHI® de Historia Clínica Digital, permitiendo la consulta en tiempo real de la información de pacientes desde terminales internas. El estudio realizado es retrospectivo, basado en datos recopilados en tiempo real, sin contacto adicional con pacientes o personal médico. La vinculación de pacientes se realiza a través del sistema SAHI®, facilitando la búsqueda y seguimiento manual de pacientes hospitalizados, con datos registrados diariamente. La información se recopila en formularios y se transfiere manualmente a una base de datos en Excel, que luego se exporta a Minitab para el análisis. En cuanto a las definiciones de caso, se determina que un paciente experimenta un efecto adverso si presenta síntomas o variaciones negativas en pruebas diagnósticas después de la administración de un medicamento, sin explicación lógica relacionada con la patología del paciente. Los errores de prescripción se definen como desviaciones del uso racional del medicamento e incluyen indicación sin justificación, administración en contraindicación, errores posológicos y contraindicaciones que se asocian con toxicidad. La evaluación se realiza utilizando registros sanitarios, bases de datos como Micromedex®, y búsquedas bibliográficas. En términos de análisis estadístico, se emplea una fórmula de proporciones para determinar el tamaño muestral, ya que no se contaba con información previa sobre tasas de errores de medicación o frecuencia de efectos adversos. Las variables del paciente y las órdenes médicas se analizan descriptivamente, y se utilizan pruebas estadísticas como chi-cuadrado y regresión logística múltiple para explorar asociaciones entre variables y la presencia de errores de medicación. |
dc.description.researcharea | Farmacovigilancia |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject.decs | Unidades de cuidados intensivos |
dc.subject.decs | Intensive care units |
dc.subject.decs | Negativa del paciente al tratamiento |
dc.subject.decs | Treatment refusal |
dc.subject.decs | Cumplimiento de la medicación |
dc.subject.decs | Medication adherence |
dc.subject.decs | Errores de medicación |
dc.subject.decs | Medication errors |
dc.subject.proposal | Unidad de cuidados intensivos |
dc.subject.proposal | Eventos adversos |
dc.subject.proposal | Prevención |
dc.subject.proposal | Errores de medicación |
dc.subject.proposal | Intensive care unit |
dc.subject.proposal | Adverse events |
dc.subject.proposal | Prevention |
dc.subject.proposal | Medication errors |
dc.title.translated | Pharmacological Counseling to Prevent Adverse Events in an Intensive Care Unit at a University Hospital in Bogotá PHASE 1: Frequency of Adverse Events and Prescription Errors |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa |
dc.type.content | Text |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general |
dc.contributor.orcid | Arbeláez Ariza, Carlos Emilio |
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