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Modelado de un reactor industrial de película descendente usando el formalismo de Maxwell-Stefan
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional |
dc.contributor.advisor | Gómez García, Miguel Ángel |
dc.contributor.advisor | Dobrosz-Gómez, Izabela |
dc.contributor.author | Herrera Ruiz, Juan Federico |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-01-30T14:29:07Z |
dc.date.available | 2024-01-30T14:29:07Z |
dc.date.issued | 2023 |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85509 |
dc.description | graficas, tablas |
dc.description.abstract | Cerca del 70% de los procesos reactivos industriales involucran sistemas gas-líquido o líquido-líquido. Una de las principales aplicaciones de los sistemas reactivos gas-líquido corresponde a reacciones de sulfonación para la producción de surfactantes aniónicos en reactores de película descendente (o FFR por su acrónimo en inglés). De hecho, la demanda mundial de surfactantes se vio impulsada por la pandemia alcanzando valores cercanos a los 20 millones de toneladas y se espera que sus ventas aumenten de 42 mil millones de USD en 2019 a 53 mil millones en 2025. Por lo anterior, resulta importante contar con herramientas de modelado y simulación para el diseño y/o operación de estos sistemas reactivos. Las reacciones de sulfonación involucran el contacto de una fase orgánica líquida con una corriente de SO3 diluido en gas inerte. El SO3 debe migrar hacia la fase líquida donde se lleva a cabo la reacción. Entre las características del proceso se encuentran: alta velocidad de reacción, alta exotermicidad y grandes cambios en las condiciones hidrodinámicas. El diseño y operación de los reactores en los que se llevan a cabo estos procesos requieren de un correcto modelamiento de los fenómenos de transferencia de masa. Tradicionalmente, los sistemas reactivos gas-líquido se han modelado usando correlaciones empíricas para la transferencia de masa. Sin embargo, en general, estas expresiones carecen de robustez a la hora de predecir la transferencia de masa multicomponente y/o al introducir cambios en el sistema. En este trabajo de tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería Química se estudia el modelamiento y la simulación de un reactor industrial de película descendente usando el formalismo de Maxwell-Stefan para transferencia de masa multicomponente (tanto en la fase gaseosa como a la fase líquida). En particular, se estudió la producción del ácido tridecil-bencensulfónico (TDBS) a escala industrial. Así, en el primer capítulo se presentan las características principales de los sistemas reactivos bifásicos, su importancia económica y las herramientas disponibles para su descripción (v.g., correlaciones de transferencia de masa para sistemas gas-líquido); prestando especial atención a las reacciones de sulfonación. En el segundo capítulo se presentan generalidades del equilibrio termodinámico entre fases que se da en el reactor. En el tercer capítulo se presentan distintas herramientas para el análisis de la transferencia de masa de este tipo de reactores a partir de los resultados de un modelo unidimensional típico, analizando el comportamiento de la matriz del factor termodinámico, los coeficientes de transferencia en una aproximación pseudo-binaria y considerados como matrices multicomponentes, así como el número de Hatta. En el cuarto capítulo se presenta el modelo bidimensional del reactor, el cual presenta alta precisión y exactitud respecto a los datos de planta (alrededor del 0.3% para la temperatura de salida de la fase líquida y cerca del 2% para la concentración de TDBS), pero tiene un costo computacional elevado. En este capítulo se analizan las mismas variables de transporte que en el modelo unidimensional, pero a partir de los resultados del modelo bidimensional. Finalmente, en el último capítulo se presentan las conclusiones y perspectivas de la tesis (Texto tomado de la fuente) |
dc.description.abstract | About 70% of industrial reactive processes involve gas-liquid or liquid-liquid systems. One of the main applications of gas-liquid reactive systems corresponds to sulfonation reactions for the production of anionic surfactants in falling film reactors (FFR). In fact, the demand for surfactants was boosted by the pandemic reaching values close to 20 million tons and its sales are expected to increase from USD 42 billion in 2019 to USD 53 billion in 2025. Therefore, it is important to have modeling and simulation tools for the design and/or operation of these reactive systems. Sulfonation reactions involve contacting a liquid organic phase with a stream of SO3 diluted in inert gas. SO3 must migrate to the liquid phase where the reaction takes place. Among the characteristics of the process are high reaction rate, high exothermicity and large changes in hydrodynamic conditions. The design and operation of the reactors in which these processes are carried out require a correct modeling of the mass transfer phenomena. Traditionally, reactive gas-liquid systems have been modeled using empirical correlations for mass transfer. However, in general, these expressions lack robustness when it comes to predict multicomponent mass transfer and/or when introducing changes in the system. In this Master's thesis in Chemical Engineering, the modeling and simulation of an industrial falling film reactor is studied using the Maxwell-Stefan formalism for multicomponent mass transfer (both in the gas phase and in the liquid phase). In particular, the production of tridecyl-benzenesulfonic acid (TDBS) on an industrial scale was studied. Thus, the first chapter presents the main characteristics of two-phase reactive systems, their economic importance and the tools available for their description (e.g., mass transfer correlations for gas-liquid systems); paying special attention to sulfonation reactions. In the second chapter, generalities of the thermodynamic equilibrium between phases that occur in the reactor are presented. In the third chapter, different tools are presented for the analysis of the mass transfer of this type of reactors based on the results of a typical one-dimensional model, analyzing the behavior of the thermodynamic factor matrix, the transfer coefficients in a pseudo approximation. -binary and considered as multicomponent matrices, as well as the Hatta number. In the fourth chapter, the two-dimensional model of the reactor is presented, which presents high precision and accuracy with respect to the plant data (around 0.3% for the outlet temperature of the liquid phase and near 2% for the TDBS concentration), but it has a high computational cost. In this chapter, the same transport variables are analyzed as in the one-dimensional model but based on the results of the two-dimensional model. Finally, in the last chapter the conclusions and perspectives of the thesis are presented. |
dc.format.extent | xxiv, 152 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf |
dc.language.iso | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
dc.subject.ddc | 660 - Ingeniería química |
dc.title | Modelado de un reactor industrial de película descendente usando el formalismo de Maxwell-Stefan |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.publisher.program | Manizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Reactivos Intensificados con Separación y Materiales Avanzados (Prisma) |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química |
dc.description.researcharea | Análisis y Diseño de Reactores Químicos |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura |
dc.publisher.place | Manizales, Colombia |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.subject.proposal | Modelo de Maxwell-Stefan |
dc.subject.proposal | Transferencia de masa multicomponente |
dc.subject.proposal | Reactor de película descendente |
dc.subject.proposal | Reacciones de sulfonación |
dc.subject.proposal | falling film reactor |
dc.subject.proposal | Multicomponent mass transfer |
dc.subject.proposal | Maxwell-Stefan model |
dc.subject.proposal | Sulfonation reactions |
dc.title.translated | Modeling of an industrial falling film reactor using the Maxwell-Stefan formalism |
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