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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorPio de la Hoz Restrepo, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorCamargo Bermúdez, Laura Cristina
dc.coverage.temporal2021
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-02T00:57:41Z
dc.date.available2024-04-02T00:57:41Z
dc.date.issued2023-12
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85837
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas
dc.description.abstractLa enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19) fue detectada por primera vez en una aldea en China a finales del 2019, ocasionada por un Beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV2, desde entonces el aumento de casos reportados fue de manera exponencial hasta llegar a ser declarada Pandemia (Fierabracci, A, et al, 2020). A inicios del 2020 la comunidad científica inició una carrera para desarrollar opciones terapéuticas eficaces para disminuir el número de casos y muertes ocasionadas por la Covid-19 (Vitiello, A. et al, 2021). Durante ese año se desarrollaron múltiples vacunas que incluyeron RNAm, vectores virales y virus inactivados, las cuales demostraron disminuir el contagio y los síntomas en personas infectadas con Covid-19 (Vitiello, A. et al, 2021). Sin embargo, la vacunación mundial presenta múltiples amenazas, especialmente en los países de medianos y bajos ingresos (PMBI), los cuales tienen menos recursos para acceder a las vacunas necesarias para inmunizar a toda la población (Choi, E. 2021). En este trabajo se realizó un estudio ecológico descriptivo utilizando un análisis geográfico de las coberturas de vacunación contra Covid-19 (variable dependiente), las tasas de mortalidad por Covid-19 en Colombia (Variable dependiente) y su relación con los factores sociodemográficos (variables independientes) en los 32 departamentos durante el año 2021. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis de las medidas de tendencia central, un análisis de regresión lineal simple y múltiple, además de un modelo de Poisson para determinar si existe una relación estadística entre las coberturas de vacunación, las tasas de mortalidad y los factores sociodemográficos. Para lograrlo, se realizó una revisión sistemática de las bases de datos de libre acceso en las páginas del ministerio de salud, el DANE y el instituto nacional de salud (INS). Se encontró que la mayoría de los departamentos presentaron coberturas de vacunación superiores al 100% siendo San Andrés y Bogotá los departamentos con mayor cobertura de vacunación (207%, 194% respectivamente). En contraste, los departamentos con menor cobertura de vacunación fueron Vichada (52%), Chocó (65%) y Vaupés (78%). Se analizaron también las tasas de mortalidad departamentales por Covid-19 para el año 2021 y se analizó su relación con las tasas de mortalidad del 2020. Se encontró que en todos los departamentos hubo un aumento significativo de la mortalidad en 2021, comparado con 2020, el cual estaba influenciado por el porcentaje de población rural y población femenina y población mayor o igual a 60 años. También se evidenció que hay una relación directamente proporcional entre la cobertura de vacunación versus las variables de porcentaje de población total, población mayor o igual a 60 años y población femenina. En contraste, se observó una relación inversamente proporcional entre la cobertura de vacunación y el porcentaje de ruralidad. Adicionalmente, el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple y el modelo Poisson, presentaron coeficientes muy bajos para la vacunación respecto a las tasas de mortalidad, los cuales pueden no ser estadísticamente significativos y no permiten evidenciar la magnitud de la relación entre las variables. Este efecto pudo ser debido a que los departamentos con mayores coberturas contaban con una mejor infraestructura del sistema de salud, los cuales posiblemente recibieron los casos más graves de Covid-19 remitidos para tratamiento especializado y allí fallecían. Los resultados aquí presentados muestran que no hay un efecto protector ecológico de la vacunación contra Covid-19 y las tasas de mortalidad por Covid-19 para el año 2021. Sin embargo, los factores sociodemográficos poblacionales como el porcentaje de ruralidad, el género y la edad afectan directamente estas variables para cada departamento de Colombia. (Texto tomado de la fuente).
dc.description.abstractThe new coronavirus disease SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19) was detected for the first time in a village in China at the end of 2019, caused by a Beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Since then, the increase in reported cases has been exponential until becoming declared a Pandemic (Fierabracci, A, et al, 2020). At the beginning of 2020, the scientific community began a race to develop effective therapeutic options to reduce the number of cases and deaths caused by Covid-19 (Vitiello, A. et al, 2021). During that year, multiple vaccines were developed that included mRNA, viral vectors and inactivated viruses, which were shown to reduce contagion and symptoms in people infected with Covid-19 (Vitiello, A. et al, 2021). However, global vaccination presents multiple threats, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), which have fewer resources to access the vaccines necessary to immunize the entire population (Choi, E. 2021). In this work, a descriptive ecological study was carried out using a geographical analysis of vaccination coverage against Covid-19 (dependent variable), mortality rates from Covid-19 in Colombia (dependent variable) and their relationship with sociodemographic factors (independent variables) in the 32 departments during the year 2021. In addition, an analysis of the measures of central tendency, a simple and multiple linear regression analysis, in addition to a Poisson model was carried out to determine if there is a statistical relationship between the coverage of vaccination, mortality rates and sociodemographic factors. To achieve this, a systematic review of the freely accessible databases on the pages of the Ministry of Health, DANE and the National Institute of Health (INS) was carried out. It was found that the majority of the departments presented vaccination coverage greater than 100%, with San Andrés and Bogotá being the departments with the highest vaccination coverage (207%, 194% respectively). In contrast, the departments with the lowest vaccination coverage were Vichada (52%), Chocó (65%) and Vaupés (78%). The departmental mortality rates due to Covid-19 for the year 2021 were also analyzed and their relationship with the mortality rates of 2020 was analyzed. It was found that in all departments there was a significant increase in mortality in 2021, compared to 2020. which was influenced by the percentage of rural population and female population and population greater than or equal to 60 years of age. It is also evident that there is a directly proportional relationship between vaccination coverage versus the variables of percentage of total population, population greater than or equal to 60 years of age, and female population. In contrast, an inversely proportional relationship will be observed between vaccination coverage and the percentage of rurality. Furthermore, the multiple linear regression model and the Poisson model presented very low coefficients for vaccination with respect to mortality rates, which may not be statistically significant and do not allow us to show the magnitude of the relationship between the variables. This effect could be due to the fact that the departments with greater coverage had better health system infrastructure, which possibly received the most serious cases of Covid-19 referred for specialized treatment and died there. The results presented here show that there is no ecological protective effect of vaccination against Covid-19 and mortality rates from Covid-19 for the year 2021. However, population sociodemographic factors such as the percentage of rurality, gender and Age directly affects these variables for each department of Colombia. This work demonstrated that mass vaccination against COVID-19 is a fundamental tool to control the spread of the virus and protect the health of the population, especially in the population over 60 years of age and that the progress of the vaccination campaign in Colombia has been an important step in the fight against the pandemic. However, it is necessary to propose future studies that evaluate the coverage of the health system and take into account some individual sociodemographic factors that were not analyzed in this work, such as access to health centers, occupation, level of education and income, which, according to the literature, are related to vaccination and mortality from Covid-19.
dc.format.extent99 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::616 - Enfermedades
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::614 - Medicina Forense; incidencia de lesiones, heridas, enfermedades; medicina preventiva pública
dc.titleAnálisis ecológico de las coberturas de vacunación contra la Covid-19 en los 32 departamentos de Colombia durante el 2021
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Infecciones y Salud en el Trópico
dc.contributor.researchgroupEpidemiologia y Evaluacion en Salud Publica
dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpertMoreno Montoya, José
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.coverage.tgnhttp://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000050
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Infecciones y Salud en el Trópico
dc.description.methodsSe realizó un análisis ecológico descriptivo de comparación de grupos analizando como variables dependientes las coberturas de vacunación contra Covid-19 y las Tasas de Mortalidad por Covid-19 y como variables Independientes los factores sociodemográficos seleccionados (Edad, Género y Densidad Poblacional). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y bivariados. Se aplicaron regresiones lineales simples, múltiples y de Poisson para el análisis estadístico.
dc.description.researchareaEpidemiología de Enfermedades transmisibles
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.relation.indexedBireme
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.decsVacunas contra la COVID-19/ provisión & distribución
dc.subject.decsCOVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution
dc.subject.decsCOVID-19/mortalidad
dc.subject.decsCOVID-19/mortality
dc.subject.decsCobertura de Vacunación
dc.subject.decsVaccination Coverage
dc.subject.proposalCovid-19
dc.subject.proposalEstudio ecológico
dc.subject.proposalVacunación
dc.subject.proposalTasas de mortalidad
dc.subject.proposalCovid-19
dc.subject.proposalEcological study
dc.subject.proposalVaccination
dc.subject.proposalMortality rates
dc.title.translatedEcological analysis of vaccination coverage against Covid-19 in the 32 departments of Colombia during 2021
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
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Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 InternacionalEsta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.Este documento ha sido depositado por parte de el(los) autor(es) bajo la siguiente constancia de depósito