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Development of a Colombian starch based Starbon® type material for its use as catalyst in fatty acid esterification

dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisorOrjuela Londoño, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorZabala Vásquez, Milena Alexandra
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-03T15:57:56Z
dc.date.available2024-07-03T15:57:56Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86374
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablas
dc.description.abstractMesoporous materials are attractive supporting structures for heterogeneous catalysis as they facilitate access and mobility of large molecules, thus improving yields in a variety of chemical reactions. Among different materials, Starbon® materials are mesoporous carbons which can be advantageously synthesized from biobased sources, be further acid-activated to be used as catalysts in esterification reactions. Conventionally, Starbons® are produced using a high-amylose-content starch, which guarantees a high mesopore volume due to the arrangement of amylose molecules during the synthesis process. Looking for the valorisation of waste streams and low-cost raw materials, the use of starch derived from common roots and tubers needs to be studied. According to Colombian National Planning Department, nearly 5 Mton of roots and tubers are produced in the country, nevertheless, nearly 30% are discarded during production stages as they do not meet quality standards. In this regard, this work focused on understanding and optimizing the surface properties of Starbon® materials derived from cassava starch for its subsequent use as catalyst in long-chain esterification reactions. The synthesis of Starbon materials involves gelatinization, retrogradation, solvent exchange and carbonization steps, which conditions were assessed, firstly by an exploratory analysis, and subsequently by a Factorial 32 and Box-Behnken experimental designs, taking surface area, pore volume and pore size as response variables. A method for the synthesis of cassava-derived Starbon was proposed. The obtained cassava-Starbon exhibited a surface area of 263 m2/g, with a mean pore diameter of 3.7 nm and a pore volume of 0.2cm3/g. Subsequently, the material was sulfonated and tested in the batch esterification of stearic acid with isopropyl alcohol, considering the growing market in fatty acid esters industry. Cassava-Starbon catalyst enabled slightly higher conversion and higher turn-over number (0.15 mol/s H+Eq) compared to widely used ion exchange resins.
dc.description.abstractEn la catálisis heterogénea, materiales mesoporosos son soportes atractivos al facilitan el acceso y la movilidad de moléculas de gran tamaño, mejorando así los rendimientos en diversas reacciones. Entre diferentes materiales, los materiales Starbon® son carbones mesoporosos que pueden sintetizarse ventajosamente a partir de fuentes biobasadas, y luego activarse con ácido para utilizarse como catalizadores en reacciones de esterificación. Convencionalmente, los Starbons® se producen utilizando almidón con alto contenido de amilosa, lo que garantiza un alto volumen de mesoporos debido a la disposición de las moléculas de amilosa durante el proceso de síntesis. En busca de la valorización de corrientes de residuales, es de interés estudiar el uso de almidón derivado de raíces y tubérculos comunes en la síntesis de estos materiales. Según el Departamento Nacional de Planeación de Colombia, se producen casi 5 millones de toneladas de raíces y tubérculos en el país, sin embargo, cerca del 30% se descartan durante las etapas de producción por no cumplir con los estándares de calidad. En este sentido, este trabajo se centró en comprender y optimizar las propiedades superficiales de los materiales Starbon® derivados del almidón de yuca para su uso posterior como catalizador en reacciones de esterificación de cadenas largas. La síntesis de los materiales Starbon implica gelatinización, retrogradación, intercambio de solventes y carbonización de los almidones. Estas condiciones fueron evaluadas para la síntesis empleando almidón de yuca, primero mediante un análisis exploratorio y luego mediante un diseño Factorial 32 y Box-Behnken, tomando la superficie, el volumen de poros y el tamaño de poros como variables de respuesta. De esta manera, fue posible proponer un método para la síntesis de Starbon derivado de yuca. El Starbon de yuca obtenido mostró una superficie de 263 m2/g, con un diámetro de poro promedio de 3.7 nm y un volumen de poro de 0.2cm3 /g. Este material fue sulfonado y probado en la esterificación batch de ácido esteárico con alcohol isopropílico, considerando el creciente mercado en la industria de ésteres de ácidos grasos. El catalizador Starbon de yuca permitió una conversión ligeramente superior y un TOF más Resumen and abstract XI alto (0.15 mol/s H+Eq) en comparación con las resinas de intercambio iónico ampliamente utilizadas (Texto tomado de la fuente).
dc.format.extentxxi, 116 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::541 - Química física
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
dc.subject.lccMesoporous materials
dc.subject.lccMateriales mesoporosos
dc.subject.lccCatalysts
dc.subject.lccCatalizadores
dc.subject.lccStarch
dc.subject.lccAlmidón
dc.subject.lccTubers
dc.subject.lccTubérculos
dc.titleDevelopment of a Colombian starch based Starbon® type material for its use as catalyst in fatty acid esterification
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicos
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química
dc.description.researchareaProcesos catalíticos y petroquímicos
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.proposalCarbon
dc.subject.proposalCatalyst
dc.subject.proposalCassava starch
dc.subject.proposalEsterification
dc.subject.proposalMesoporous
dc.subject.proposalPorosity
dc.subject.proposalStarbon
dc.subject.proposalCarbón
dc.subject.proposalCatalizador
dc.subject.proposalAlmidón de yuca
dc.subject.proposalEsterificación
dc.subject.proposalMesoporoso
dc.subject.proposalPorosidad
dc.subject.proposalStarbon
dc.title.translatedDesarrollo de un material tipo Starbon® a partir de almidón de origen colombiano para su uso como catalizador en esterificación de ácidos grasos
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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