Rendimiento y estado nutricional del café (Coffea arabica L.) en respuesta a aplicación de biocarbón

Sánchez Reinoso, Alefsi David

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dc.rights.license	Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.contributor.advisor	Restrepo Díaz, Hermann
dc.contributor.advisor	Lombardini, Leonardo
dc.contributor.author	Sánchez Reinoso, Alefsi David
dc.date.accessioned	2022-07-26T12:54:08Z
dc.date.available	2022-07-26T12:54:08Z
dc.date.issued	2022
dc.identifier.uri	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81750
dc.description	ilustraciones, graficas
dc.description.abstract	El café de Colombia es reconocido mundialmente por su sabor y aroma suave. Su cultivo genera una gran cantidad de residuos como la pulpa fresca, que conlleva a problemas medioambientales, sanitarios y económicos. La obtención de biocarbón (BC) por pirólisis de la pulpa de café y su incorporación al suelo puede ser un complemento a la nutrición mineral del cultivo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de biocarbón obtenido de pulpa de café sobre la fisiología y el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo de café variedad Castillo el Tambo (Coffea arabica L.). La investigación fue desarrollada en dos etapas: i) vegetativa, usando plantas de tres meses de edad, realizada en condiciones de invernadero; y ii) producción, usando un cultivo comercial de café de tres años de edad, realizada en Chaparral Tolima. Cuatro dosis de BC (0, 4, 8 y 16 t ha-1) y cuatro niveles de fertilización química (FQ) (0%, 33%, 66% y 100% de los requerimientos nutricionales) fueron evaluadas. Tres grupos de variables fueron registrados durante el experimento: i) parámetros fisiológicos de plántulas y árboles de café; ii) características físicas y químicas del suelo en un cultivo comercial de café; y iii) parámetros de calidad de granos tostados y bebidas de café. Los resultados indicaron que: a) en invernadero, un efecto positivo se encontró en plantas con 8 t ha-1 BC y niveles de fertilización del 66 y 100%. b) Un efecto positivo fue observado en árboles de café tratados con 8 t ha-1 BC y 100%. c) 16 t ha-1 BC favoreció el pH, densidad aparente, estado de agregación y respiración microbiana del suelo en comparación con 0 t ha-1 BC. d) Aplicaciones de 8 y 16 t ha-1 BC y 66%-100% fertilización química registraron mayor sensibilidad a los compuestos aromáticos de granos tostados de café en la nariz electrónica. Enmiendas de BC entre 8 y 16 t ha-1 y FQ entre el 66% y 100% incrementó el contenido de SST, redujo el pH e incrementó la acidez titulable en bebidas de granos tostados de café. En conclusión, 8 t ha-1 BC de pulpa de café puede ser una alternativa para complementar la nutrición de plántulas y árboles de café. Aplicaciones entre 8 y 16 t ha-1 BC pueden apoyar las estrategias de manejo de suelos cafeteros y ayuda al aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos. El BC como un complemento a la fertilización química mostró un efecto positivo sobre el perfil aromático obtenido para los granos tostados de café y atributos de calidad en taza. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstract	Colombian coffee is recognized worldwide for its mild flavor and aroma. Its cultivation generates a large amount of waste such as fresh pulp, which leads to environmental, health and economic problems. Obtaining biochar (BC) by pyrolysis of coffee pulp and its incorporation to the soil can be a complement to the crop mineral nutrition. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of biochar obtained from coffee pulp on the physiology and agronomic performance of the Castillo el Tambo variety coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.). The research was developed in two stages: i) vegetative, using three-month-old plants, carried out under greenhouse conditions; and ii) production, using a three-year-old commercial coffee crop, carried out in Chaparral Tolima. Four doses of BC (0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha-1) and four levels of chemical fertilization (CF) (0%, 33%, 66% and 100% of the nutritional requirements) were evaluated. Three groups of variables were recorded during the experiment: i) physiological parameters of coffee seedlings and trees; ii) physical and chemical characteristics of the soil in a commercial coffee crop; and iii) quality parameters of roasted beans and coffee beverages. The results indicated that: a) in the greenhouse, a positive effect was found in plants with 8 t ha-1 BC and fertilization levels of 66 and 100%. b) A positive effect was observed in coffee trees treated with 8 t ha-1 BC and 100%. c) 16 t ha-1 BC favored the pH, apparent density, state of aggregation and microbial respiration of the soil compared to 0 t ha-1 BC. d) Applications of 8 and 16 t ha-1 BC and 66%-100% chemical fertilization registered greater sensitivity to the aromatic compounds of roasted coffee beans in the electronic nose. Amendments of BC between 8 and 16 t ha-1 and CF between 66% and 100% increased the content of TSS, reduced the pH and increased the titratable acidity in beverages of roasted coffee beans. In conclusion, 8 t ha-1 BC of coffee pulp can be an alternative to supplement the nutrition of coffee seedlings and trees. Applications between 8 and 16 t ha-1 BC support coffee soil management strategies and help the use of solid waste. BC as a complement to chemical fertilization showed a positive effect on the aromatic profile obtained for roasted coffee beans and cup quality attributes
dc.description.sponsorship	Gobernación del Tolima, el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS, convocatoria 755 del 2016, para la formación de capital humano de alto nivel para Tolima, Colombia)
dc.format.extent	xxiii, 193 páginas
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.language.iso	spa
dc.publisher	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc	630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
dc.title	Rendimiento y estado nutricional del café (Coffea arabica L.) en respuesta a aplicación de biocarbón
dc.type	Trabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.type.driver	info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.publisher.program	Bogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.description.degreelevel	Doctorado
dc.description.degreename	Doctor en Ciencias Agrarias
dc.description.researcharea	Fisiología vegetal
dc.identifier.instname	Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl	https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.publisher.department	Escuela de posgrados
dc.publisher.faculty	Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisher.place	Bogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch	Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.relation.indexed	RedCol
dc.relation.indexed	LaReferencia
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dc.rights.accessrights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.agrovocuri	Café arábica
dc.subject.agrovocuri	arabica coffee
dc.subject.agrovocuri	Pirólisis
dc.subject.agrovocuri	pyrolysis
dc.subject.proposal	Enmienda del suelo
dc.subject.proposal	Nutrición mineral
dc.subject.proposal	Rendimiento del cultivo
dc.subject.proposal	Calidad en taza
dc.subject.proposal	Soil amendment
dc.subject.proposal	Mineral nutrition
dc.subject.proposal	Crop yield
dc.subject.proposal	Cup quality
dc.title.translated	Yield and nutritional status of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in response to biochar application
dc.type.coar	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.type.coarversion	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.content	Text
dc.type.redcol	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
oaire.accessrights	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.fundername	Gobernación del Tolima
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Estudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Grupos comunitarios
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Investigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Maestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Personal de apoyo escolar
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Público general
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment	Responsables políticos

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