Revisión sistemática: efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza versus entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica en pacientes críticamente enfermos con ventilación mecánica invasiva
dc.contributor.advisor | Hernández Álvarez , Edgar Debray | |
dc.contributor.author | Berrio Molano , Fabian Esteban | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-16T20:49:59Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-09-16T20:49:59Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas, mapas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Introducción: La implementación del ejercicio físico en pacientes críticamente enfermos con ventilación mecánica representa una intervención terapéutica con creciente respaldo científico, pero aún sujeta a controversias clínicas. Aunque los beneficios potenciales en términos de funcionalidad, fuerza muscular y prevención de complicaciones sistémicas, su aplicabilidad práctica se ve limitada por percepciones de riesgo y ausencia de protocolos estandarizados. La movilización temprana, si bien ha demostrado ser segura en ciertos contextos, requiere de criterios claros de prescripción y monitoreo de carga continuo. Es fundamental identificar qué tipo de entrenamiento (fuerza o resistencia), aporta mayor beneficio, considerando las particularidades del paciente en UCI. Objetivo: Identificar la efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza versus el entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica a través del análisis de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que hayan intervenido pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de cuatro bases de datos, seleccionando ensayos clínicos que emplean la prescripción de ejercicio de fuerza o resistencia en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva. Resultados: Se identificaron 21 ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, e implementan ejercicio de fuerza o resistencia aeróbica con diferentes estrategias. Dentro de las medidas de resultados primaria y secundario que se identificaron para metaanálisis , se evidencio MRC, dinamometría de miembros superiores, días de estancia en UCI, días de ventilación mecánica, mortalidad hospitalaria, mortalidad en UCI, debilidad muscular adquirida en UCI y PFIT. El ejercicio de resistencia evidencio una disminución en la mortalidad en UCI RR 0.70 (IC 95%, 0.49, 1.00) y mejoría en la fuerza muscular MRC DMS -0.53 (-0.83, - 0.24, IC 95% P=0.0004). El ejercicio físico en general mostró mejoría en la mortalidad hospitalaria RR 0.73 (IC 95% 0.59, 0.92) y un efecto protector para el desarrollo de debilidad muscular adquirido en UCI RR 0.61 (IC 95% 0.48, 0.78). Conclusiones: El entrenamiento de resistencia mostró mayores beneficios sobre la fuerza muscular y mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes críticos, destacando la eficacia del cicloergómetro. En cambio, el entrenamiento de fuerza no evidenció mejoras significativas, posiblemente por la heterogeneidad en los protocolos. Se recomienda priorizar estrategias de resistencia durante la estancia en UCI. Es importante estandarizar la prescripción del ejercicio en este contexto para optimizar resultados clínicos. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Introduction: The implementation of physical exercise in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation represents a therapeutic intervention with growing scientific support, yet still subject to clinical controversies. Although potential benefits exist in terms of functionality, muscle strength, and prevention of systemic complications, its practical applicability is limited by risk perceptions and the absence of standardized protocols. Early mobilization, while shown to be safe in certain contexts, requires clear prescription criteria and continuous load monitoring. It is essential to identify which type of training (strength or endurance) provides greater benefit, considering the specific characteristics of ICU patients. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of strength training versus aerobic endurance training through the analysis of randomized controlled trials that included patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. Method: A systematic review was conducted across four databases, selecting clinical trials that implemented strength or endurance exercise prescriptions in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials were identified that met the inclusion criteria and implemented either strength or aerobic endurance exercises using different strategies. Among the primary and secondary outcome measures identified for meta-analysis were MRC (Medical Research Council) score, upper limb dynamometry, ICU length of stay, days on mechanical ventilation, hospital mortality, ICU mortality, ICU-acquired muscle weakness, and PFIT (Physical Function ICU Test). Endurance training showed a reduction in ICU mortality (RR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49–1.00) and improvement in muscle strength MRC score (DMS -0.53; 95% CI, -0.83 to -0.24; P = 0.0004). Physical exercise overall demonstrated a reduction in hospital mortality (RR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59–0.92) and a protective effect against ICU-acquired muscle weakness (RR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48–0.78). Conclusions: Endurance training showed greater benefits for muscle strength and hospital mortality in critically ill patients, highlighting the efficacy of the cycle ergometer. In contrast, strength training did not show significant improvements, possibly due to protocol heterogeneity. Endurance strategies are recommended during ICU stays. Standardizing exercise prescription in this context is important to optimize clinical outcomes. | eng |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | |
dc.description.degreename | Magister en Fisioterapia del deporte y la actividad fisica | |
dc.format.extent | 97 páginas | |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88830 | |
dc.language.iso | spa | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Medicina | |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Medicina - Maestría en Fisioterapia del Deporte y la Actividad Física | |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.subject.ddc | 610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéutica | |
dc.subject.lemb | Fisioterapia | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Physical therapy | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | Rehabilitación médica | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Medical rehabilitation | eng |
dc.subject.lemb | Cuidados intensivos (Medicina) | spa |
dc.subject.lemb | Critical care medicine | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Ejercicio físico | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Entrenamiento de fuerza | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Entrenamiento de resistencia | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Ventilación mecánica | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Cuidado crítico | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Técnicas de movimiento en el ejercicio | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Unidades de cuidados intensivos | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Physical exercise | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Strength training | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Endurance training | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Mechanical ventilation | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Critical care | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Exercise movement techniques | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Intensive care units | eng |
dc.title | Revisión sistemática: efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza versus entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica en pacientes críticamente enfermos con ventilación mecánica invasiva | spa |
dc.title.translated | Systematic review: effectiveness of strength training versus aerobic endurance training in critically III patients with invasive mechanical ventilation | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
dc.type.content | Text | |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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