Caracterización fisiológica, fisicoquímica y espectral de frutos de cacao establecidos en sistemas agroforestales en el departamento del Tolima
| dc.contributor.advisor | Melgarejo Muñoz, Luz Marina | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ramirez Gil, Joaquin Guillermo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Romero Gómez, Angie Nathalia | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Romero Gómez, Angie Nathalia [0001721038] | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Melgarejo Muñoz, Luz Marina [0000009458] | |
| dc.contributor.cvlac | Ramírez Gil, Joaquín Guillermo [0001476544] | |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Fisiología del Estrés y Biodiversidad en Plantas y Microorganismos | |
| dc.coverage.country | Colombia | |
| dc.coverage.region | Tolima | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-24T15:37:09Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-24T15:37:09Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones a color, diagramas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Los sistemas agroforestales (SAF) de cacao del sur del Tolima presentan una alta variabilidad estructural, productiva y fitosanitaria, impulsada por la diversidad genotípica local, las prácticas de manejo y el nivel de sombra. Este estudio caracterizó atributos fisiológicos, fisicoquímicos, bioquímicos y espectrales del cacao en distintos estados de madurez, con el fin de identificar parámetros predictivos de la calidad del grano. Se evaluaron seis parcelas SAF de 0,1 ha (580 árboles: 464 de árboles de cacao y 116 árboles de sombrío). Se midieron variables dasométricas, productivas y sanitarias, y se realizó monitoreo del dosel con índices derivados de Sentinel-2 (EVI, GNDVI, LAI, NDVI y NDWI). A nivel de fruto, las mazorcas se perfilaron en atributos morfométricos, colorimétricos, bioquímicos y espectrales. La altura del cacaotal, el DAP, los índices de vegetación (GNDVI, LAI, NDWI, EVI), la riqueza, la estructura y el estado sanitario fueron las variables clave para discriminar los SAF y sustentar una caracterización multidimensional del sistema productivo. En pulpa, los azúcares solubles totales promediaron 43,93 mg g⁻¹ (estado maduro), 49,14 mg g⁻¹ (estado pintón) y 59,38 mg g⁻¹ (estado verde). Los sólidos solubles totales promediaron 17,06° Brix (maduro), 13,92° Brix (pintón) y 17,59° Brix (verde). La acidez total titulable fue 1,02 % (maduro), 1,38 % (pintón) y 1,51 % (verde). En contraste, el ácido ascórbico y los fenoles totales no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los estados. Las métricas colorimétricas y espectrales permitieron discriminar objetivamente la madurez. Modelos de gradiente boosting (GBR) predijeron con precisión variables bioquímicas de la pulpa a partir de información espectral en especial VIS y NIR combinada con colorimetría, aportando una herramienta práctica para el seguimiento del desarrollo fisicoquímico en campo y poscosecha. Estos modelos orientan la cosecha cuando se prioriza el uso de pulpa en la cadena de valor y muestran potencial como predictores tempranos de calidad bajo SAF heterogéneos. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Cacao agroforestry systems (AFS) in southern Tolima exhibit high structural, productive, and phytosanitary variability, driven by local genotypic diversity, management practices, and shade levels. This study characterized physiological, physicochemical, biochemical, and spectral attributes of cacao at different maturity stages to identify predictive parameters of bean quality. Six AFS plots of 0.1 ha each (580 trees: 464 cacao trees and 116 shade trees) were evaluated. Dasometric, productive, and phytosanitary variables were measured, and canopy monitoring was carried out with Sentinel-2-derived indices (EVI, GNDVI, LAI, NDVI, and NDWI). At the fruit level, pods were profiled using morphometric, colorimetric, biochemical, and spectral attributes. Cacao tree height, DBH, canopy indices (GNDVI, LAI, NDWI, EVI), richness, structure, and health status were the key variables for identifying AFS and supporting a multidimensional characterization of the production system. In pulp, total soluble sugars averaged 43.93 mg g⁻¹ (ripe), 49.14 mg g⁻¹ (turning), and 59.38 mg g⁻¹ (green). Total soluble solids averaged 17.06° Brix (ripe), 13.92° Brix (turning), and 17.59° Brix (green). Total titratable acidity was 1.02% (ripe), 1.38% (turning), and 1.51% (green). In contrast, ascorbic acid and total phenols did not differ significantly among maturity stages. Colorimetric and spectral metrics allowed for objective ripening discrimination. Gradient boosting regression (GBR) models accurately predicted pulp biochemical traits from spectral data, particularly VIS and NIR regions, combined with color metrics, providing a practical tool for in-field and postharvest monitoring of physicochemical development. These models guide harvesting when pulp use is prioritized in the value chain and show potential as early quality predictors under heterogeneous AFS. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | |
| dc.description.degreename | Magister Ciencias-Biología | |
| dc.description.researcharea | Fisiología de postcosecha | |
| dc.format.extent | 97 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89659 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias | |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biología | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 580 - Plantas::583 - Dicotiledóneas y ceratófilas | |
| dc.subject.lemb | PROYECTOS AGROFORESTALES | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Agroforestry projects | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO AGRICOLA | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Agricultural development projects | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | CACAO | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Cacao | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | ESPECTROSCOPIA DE REFLECTANCIA | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Reflectance spectroscopy | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | ESPECTROSCOPIA DE REFLECTANCIA CERCANO A INFRARROJOS | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cacao híbrido | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Espectroscopía de reflectancia | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Índices espectrales | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Modelo predictivo | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Hybrid cocoa | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Reflectance spectroscopy | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Spectral indices | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Predictive modeling | eng |
| dc.title | Caracterización fisiológica, fisicoquímica y espectral de frutos de cacao establecidos en sistemas agroforestales en el departamento del Tolima | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Physiological, physicochemical and spectral characterization of cocoa fruits cultivated in agroforestry systems in the Department of Tolima | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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