Caracterización fisiológica, fisicoquímica y espectral de frutos de cacao establecidos en sistemas agroforestales en el departamento del Tolima

dc.contributor.advisorMelgarejo Muñoz, Luz Marina
dc.contributor.advisorRamirez Gil, Joaquin Guillermo
dc.contributor.authorRomero Gómez, Angie Nathalia
dc.contributor.cvlacRomero Gómez, Angie Nathalia [0001721038]
dc.contributor.cvlacMelgarejo Muñoz, Luz Marina [0000009458]
dc.contributor.cvlacRamírez Gil, Joaquín Guillermo [0001476544]
dc.contributor.researchgroupFisiología del Estrés y Biodiversidad en Plantas y Microorganismos
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.coverage.regionTolima
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-24T15:37:09Z
dc.date.available2026-02-24T15:37:09Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramasspa
dc.description.abstractLos sistemas agroforestales (SAF) de cacao del sur del Tolima presentan una alta variabilidad estructural, productiva y fitosanitaria, impulsada por la diversidad genotípica local, las prácticas de manejo y el nivel de sombra. Este estudio caracterizó atributos fisiológicos, fisicoquímicos, bioquímicos y espectrales del cacao en distintos estados de madurez, con el fin de identificar parámetros predictivos de la calidad del grano. Se evaluaron seis parcelas SAF de 0,1 ha (580 árboles: 464 de árboles de cacao y 116 árboles de sombrío). Se midieron variables dasométricas, productivas y sanitarias, y se realizó monitoreo del dosel con índices derivados de Sentinel-2 (EVI, GNDVI, LAI, NDVI y NDWI). A nivel de fruto, las mazorcas se perfilaron en atributos morfométricos, colorimétricos, bioquímicos y espectrales. La altura del cacaotal, el DAP, los índices de vegetación (GNDVI, LAI, NDWI, EVI), la riqueza, la estructura y el estado sanitario fueron las variables clave para discriminar los SAF y sustentar una caracterización multidimensional del sistema productivo. En pulpa, los azúcares solubles totales promediaron 43,93 mg g⁻¹ (estado maduro), 49,14 mg g⁻¹ (estado pintón) y 59,38 mg g⁻¹ (estado verde). Los sólidos solubles totales promediaron 17,06° Brix (maduro), 13,92° Brix (pintón) y 17,59° Brix (verde). La acidez total titulable fue 1,02 % (maduro), 1,38 % (pintón) y 1,51 % (verde). En contraste, el ácido ascórbico y los fenoles totales no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los estados. Las métricas colorimétricas y espectrales permitieron discriminar objetivamente la madurez. Modelos de gradiente boosting (GBR) predijeron con precisión variables bioquímicas de la pulpa a partir de información espectral en especial VIS y NIR combinada con colorimetría, aportando una herramienta práctica para el seguimiento del desarrollo fisicoquímico en campo y poscosecha. Estos modelos orientan la cosecha cuando se prioriza el uso de pulpa en la cadena de valor y muestran potencial como predictores tempranos de calidad bajo SAF heterogéneos. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractCacao agroforestry systems (AFS) in southern Tolima exhibit high structural, productive, and phytosanitary variability, driven by local genotypic diversity, management practices, and shade levels. This study characterized physiological, physicochemical, biochemical, and spectral attributes of cacao at different maturity stages to identify predictive parameters of bean quality. Six AFS plots of 0.1 ha each (580 trees: 464 cacao trees and 116 shade trees) were evaluated. Dasometric, productive, and phytosanitary variables were measured, and canopy monitoring was carried out with Sentinel-2-derived indices (EVI, GNDVI, LAI, NDVI, and NDWI). At the fruit level, pods were profiled using morphometric, colorimetric, biochemical, and spectral attributes. Cacao tree height, DBH, canopy indices (GNDVI, LAI, NDWI, EVI), richness, structure, and health status were the key variables for identifying AFS and supporting a multidimensional characterization of the production system. In pulp, total soluble sugars averaged 43.93 mg g⁻¹ (ripe), 49.14 mg g⁻¹ (turning), and 59.38 mg g⁻¹ (green). Total soluble solids averaged 17.06° Brix (ripe), 13.92° Brix (turning), and 17.59° Brix (green). Total titratable acidity was 1.02% (ripe), 1.38% (turning), and 1.51% (green). In contrast, ascorbic acid and total phenols did not differ significantly among maturity stages. Colorimetric and spectral metrics allowed for objective ripening discrimination. Gradient boosting regression (GBR) models accurately predicted pulp biochemical traits from spectral data, particularly VIS and NIR regions, combined with color metrics, providing a practical tool for in-field and postharvest monitoring of physicochemical development. These models guide harvesting when pulp use is prioritized in the value chain and show potential as early quality predictors under heterogeneous AFS.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister Ciencias-Biología
dc.description.researchareaFisiología de postcosecha
dc.format.extent97 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89659
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
dc.subject.ddc580 - Plantas::583 - Dicotiledóneas y ceratófilas
dc.subject.lembPROYECTOS AGROFORESTALESspa
dc.subject.lembAgroforestry projectseng
dc.subject.lembPROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO AGRICOLAspa
dc.subject.lembAgricultural development projectseng
dc.subject.lembCACAOspa
dc.subject.lembCacaoeng
dc.subject.lembESPECTROSCOPIA DE REFLECTANCIAspa
dc.subject.lembReflectance spectroscopyeng
dc.subject.lembESPECTROSCOPIA DE REFLECTANCIA CERCANO A INFRARROJOSspa
dc.subject.lembNear infrared reflectance spectroscopyeng
dc.subject.proposalCacao híbridospa
dc.subject.proposalEspectroscopía de reflectanciaspa
dc.subject.proposalÍndices espectralesspa
dc.subject.proposalModelo predictivospa
dc.subject.proposalHybrid cocoaeng
dc.subject.proposalReflectance spectroscopyeng
dc.subject.proposalSpectral indiceseng
dc.subject.proposalPredictive modelingeng
dc.titleCaracterización fisiológica, fisicoquímica y espectral de frutos de cacao establecidos en sistemas agroforestales en el departamento del Tolimaspa
dc.title.translatedPhysiological, physicochemical and spectral characterization of cocoa fruits cultivated in agroforestry systems in the Department of Tolimaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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