Caracterización, pronóstico y alternativas de manejo de las heladas en el sistema de producción lechero del Valle de Ubaté y Chinquirá (Colombia)
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Gómez Latorre, Douglas Andrés
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A fin de reducir la vulnerabilidad ante las heladas del sistema de producción lechero en el valle de Ubaté y Chiquinquirá se realizó una caracterización climática de la zona, relacionando estos eventos y las dos fases asociadas a los ciclos ENSO (El Niño y La Niña). Conjuntamente se determinó el grado de exposición territorial a heladas, a partir de algunas variables biofísicas, de modo que se identificaran las zonas de mayor susceptibilidad, y de la misma forma se caracterizó el sistema de producción lechero de la región, con el propósito de identificar los elementos más sensibles a las heladas, empleando modelos que permitieran estimar la pérdida de producción de leche (litros/vaca*día), relacionada a la disponibilidad (Kg MS) y contenido nutricional del alimento (%). Se utilizó la fórmula de Allen para la generación de un pronóstico local de heladas, con el objetivo de proponer el uso de herramientas técnicas para poner en marcha acciones de mitigación que eventualmente sean utilizadas por los ganaderos. Con base en los resultados obtenidos de la caracterización climática y del sistema de producción, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las alternativas de manejo más adecuadas para la prevención y mitigación de las heladas en la región.
Abstract. In order to reduce the vulnerability of milk production system to the icy fronts hitting the Ubaté Valley and Chiquinquirá, a weather characterization was carried on, connecting the events and the two associated phases with ENSO cycles (El Niño y La Niña). The document determined as well the level of local exposure to frosts, through the collection of some biophysical variables so the zones with a higher level of susceptibility can be identified, and in the same way the project characterizes milk production system of the region, with the purpose of identifying those elements that were the most sensitive to frosts using models that allows to estimate the milk production lost (l/vaca/dìa), related to disponibility (Kg/MS) and nutritional content of food (%). Allen equation was used for local frost forecast generation; the objective of this project is to propose the use of technical tools for start up mitigation actions that could be eventually used by the stockbreeders. Following the results obtained from weather and the production system characterization, an extensive literature review was done regarding wich of the proposed alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of local frost are the most suitable for the region.
Abstract. In order to reduce the vulnerability of milk production system to the icy fronts hitting the Ubaté Valley and Chiquinquirá, a weather characterization was carried on, connecting the events and the two associated phases with ENSO cycles (El Niño y La Niña). The document determined as well the level of local exposure to frosts, through the collection of some biophysical variables so the zones with a higher level of susceptibility can be identified, and in the same way the project characterizes milk production system of the region, with the purpose of identifying those elements that were the most sensitive to frosts using models that allows to estimate the milk production lost (l/vaca/dìa), related to disponibility (Kg/MS) and nutritional content of food (%). Allen equation was used for local frost forecast generation; the objective of this project is to propose the use of technical tools for start up mitigation actions that could be eventually used by the stockbreeders. Following the results obtained from weather and the production system characterization, an extensive literature review was done regarding wich of the proposed alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of local frost are the most suitable for the region.