Effect of mercury ions on the optical and structural properties of quantum dots with aromatic dithiocarbamates ligands

dc.contributor.advisorGranados Olivero, Gilmaspa
dc.contributor.advisorMcClenaghan, Nathanspa
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz Calderon, Fredy Giovanyspa
dc.contributor.orcid0009-0006-7705-4383spa
dc.contributor.refereeRodríguez, Lauraspa
dc.contributor.refereeCallan, Bridgeenspa
dc.contributor.refereeJonusauskas, Gediminasspa
dc.contributor.refereeRamos, Andreaspa
dc.contributor.refereeBaquero, Edwinspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupNano-Inorgánicaspa
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-15T21:33:08Z
dc.date.available2024-01-15T21:33:08Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-22
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractQuantum dots (QDs) are luminescent nanocrystals with sizes around 2-10 nm. These nanomaterials have unique characteristics due to the quantum confinement effect. These features include broad excitation spectra, versatile surfaces, narrow emission spectra, and high quantum yield. Their optical and structural properties depend on the size and surface modification with metal ions or ligands. These properties make their application possible in fluorescence sensing, wherein QDs such as CdSe, CdTe, and CdS are used. This thesis shows the influence of S and Zn treatments used in the synthesis of three CdSe-ZnS coreshell QDs on the optical properties and the functionalization of CdSe-ZnS with two ligands: an aryl dithiocarbamate (DTC) and aromatic Dye to probe the effect of Hg2+ ion sensing on the photoluminescence of QDs. All the core-shell QDs and QDs-L were characterized by X-ray diffractometry to measure the crystallinity, high-resolution electron microscopy (HR TEM) to determine the size and crystallinity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to analyze the coordination of ligands on the surface of CdSe-ZnS QDs; the optical properties such as absorption, emission, quantum yield (QY) and time-resolved photoluminescence were determined. Chapter 2 shows the influence of S and Zn treatments during the synthesis of three CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs on the structural and optical properties. For example, in the structural characterization, the XRD patterns analysis showed three peaks at 25.5, 42.7, and 50.2 2θ degrees, corresponding to the (111), (220), and (311) lattice planes of cubic zinc blend CdSe. The diffraction peaks of the core-shell show a shift to higher 2θ degrees due to the formation of the ZnS shell around the CdSe core. The HRTEM analysis showed particles non-aggregated with distribution sizes around 2.7 nm, 3.2 nm, and 3.3 nm. The XPS measurements showed changes in the Zn2p, and Cd3d regions, indicating the existence of different species of these elements on the surface of CdSe-ZnS QDs with different S and Zn treatments used during synthesis. The FT-IR results showed the oleic acid and TOP-capped CdSe-ZnS QDs. The optical properties of QDs with different Zn:S ratios were developed using UV-Vis, fluorescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies. The S-excess used in the synthesis of CdSe-ZnS QD (QD-0.3 ML) produces a lower QY than other QDs studied. The S acts as a hole trap, favoring the decrease in photoluminescence, and nonradiative recombination is favored. However, the increase in the amount of Zn removes/eliminates the hole traps produced by S-excess, the photoluminescence is regenerated, and QY increases, as in QD-0.9 ML (QY: 0.54). The Zn treatment produces a passivation effect of this trap on the surface of QDs to improve photoluminescence. On the other hand, when the Zn-treatment is the highest (QD-1.0 ML), the quantum yield (QY) of corresponding core/shell QDs will decrease due to the traps at the CdSe-ZnS. The analysis of three CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs (QD-0.3 ML, QD-0.9 ML, and QD-1.0 ML) as Hg2+ ion sensors was performed using a solution of QDs in a mixture CHCl3/ethanol (1/1, v/v) and aqueous solution with different concentrations of Hg2+ using UV-Vis, fluorescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies. The addition of Hg2+ produces different changes in the photoluminescence of QDs. For example, in QD-0.3 ML, a quenching of photoluminescence is produced due to the formation of HgSe particles on the CdSe core of QD; these HgSe particles are produced by a cation exchange reaction between Cd from core and Hg, the Ksp of HgSe is lower than CdSe, and this reaction is favored. The S-excess from (TMS)2S used in the synthesis of QD-0.3 ML produces HgS due to the high affinity from S and Hg in concordance with the HSAB theory. On the other hand, adding Hg2+ ions in CdSe-ZnS QDs with thicker shells (QD-0.9 ML and QD-1.0 ML) showed the opposite effect, i.e., an enhancement in the photoluminescence is produced. In these QDs, the Hg2+ produces HgS particles on the shell surface, forming a pseudo-shell that passivates the surface traps and improves the photoluminescence. A cation exchange reaction forms these HgS particles from Zn-to-Hg on the ZnS shell because the Ksp of HgS is lower than ZnS, so the reaction is favored. In addition, the detection limit (LOD) of Hg2+ ions was determined with the response obtained in the QD-emission spectra as a function of Hg2+ concentrations (0.5-5.0 µM). The LOD for QD-0.3 ML was determined using the Stern-Volmer equation; the LOD calculated was 11.2 nM. The LOD for QDs with thicker shells was 8.98 nM and 10.7 nM for QD-0.9 ML and QD-1.0 ML, respectively. These values of LOD are lower than other QDs reported. Finally, the analysis with other transition metal ions was developed using aqueous solutions of Zn2+ , Mn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+ , and Hg2+ chloride salts and QDs in a solution of CHCl3/ethanol (1/1, v/v). This analysis showed a photoluminescence quenching with all the metal ions evaluated in QD-0.3 ML; however, the most significant quenching observed was produced by Hg2+ ions due to the formation of HgSe particles on the core because the Ksp of HgSe is lower than other metal ions evaluated. While in the case of QD-0.9 ML and QD-1.0 ML, photoluminescence is enhanced due to the passivation of surface traps formed during the synthesis of QDs. The versatile character of the surface of QDs is an interesting and advantageous property. Thus, different ligands can coordinate with the surface to modulate the structural and optical properties to improve th scope of their possible application. The ligands capped on the surface of QDs can improve the physical properties, such as solubility in aqueous media, and produce changes in the optical properties, such as QY, absorption, and photoluminescence spectra. However, the energy levels of capping ligands can affect the optical properties of QDs such as photoluminescence. For example, the literature has shown that the thiolated ligands generally act as hole traps due to the HOMO levels from the ligand being near the valence band (VB), producing overlapped orbitals; when the QD is photoexcited, the ligand trapping the hole photogenerated and delocalization of exciton is produced favoring the formation of new nonradiative centers and the photoluminescence is quenched. Chapter 3 shows the influence of two surface ligands on the structural and optical properties of CdSeZnS core-shell QD (QD-0.9 ML): 1) an aromatic dithiocarbamate (DTC) and 2) an aromatic dye ligand (Dye) capped to the surface of this QD. The QD-0.9 ML was selected because this QD has the highest determined QY (Chapter 2). Both ligands were capped to the QD with a ligand exchange process, using a saturated solution of ligands (DTC and Dye) in methanol and a solution of QD in hexane at 60°C for 1 h (QD/DTC, 1/3 (mass/mass)). The ligand exchange produced a red-shift in the maximum absorption and emission bands of new QDs: QDTC and QDTCDye, a new emission band appeared in the fluorescence spectra of QDTCDye, which is from the Dye ligand. The effect of two ligands on the structural properties of QDs was analyzed. The XRD patterns do not show significant changes in the diffraction peaks of QD; the ligand exchange process did not affect the crystallinity. The HRTEM analysis showed an increase in the size of QDs from 3.2 nm (QD-0.9 ML) to 3.4 nm and 3.7 nm for QDTC and QDTCDye, respectively, with no significant changes in the d-spacing factor. The crystallinity is conserved, confirming the XRD analysis observed. The FT-IR analysis showed the coordination of DTC by the CSS- headgroup due to the band at 1000 cm-1 of this functional group disappearing and the Dye ligand being coordinated by both carboxylates in their structure because the band at 1707 cm-1 corresponding to the C=O bonds in carboxylic acids is not observed confirming the capping. XPS measurements showed new peaks in C1s and O1s due to the apparition of new bonds such as C-N and C-OH. Furthermore, in Zn2p and Cd3d, the peaks were deconvoluted in several components, indicating the presence of different species of Zn and Cd coordinated with the capped ligands. This characterization showed the influence of the coordination of the ligand on the structural properties of QDs. Consequently, the effect of capped ligands on QDs and their optical properties, such as absorption, emission, and time-resolved photoluminescence, were studied. The coordination of DTC ligands produces a decrease in photoluminescence (quenching). The HOMO orbital of DTC is overlapped with the valence band (VB), trapping the hole photogenerated, delocalizing the excitonic recombination, and photoluminescence is quenched. The DTC ligand acts as a hole trap affecting the photoluminescence properties of QD, such as QY. The Hg2+ ion sensing analysis was developed using a solution of QDTC and QDTCDye in ethanol as solvent and aqueous solutions with different concentrations of Hg2+ ions in 0.5-5.0 µM range. The absorption and emission changes were analyzed with UV-Vis, fluorescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies. The Hg2+ ions enhance the fluorescence intensity of QDTC and QDTCDye due to the formation of HgS particles on the ZnS shell of QDs passivating the traps produced by the DTC ligand. These HgS particles are produced on the ZnS surface due to the cation exchange reaction because the Ksp of HgS is lower than the Ksp of ZnS, favoring this reaction.12 The behavior of QDTCDye with the addition of different concentrations of Hg2+ ions is ratiometric. The detection limit (LOD) of QDTC and QDTCDye was determined using fluorescence intensity response as a function of different concentrations of Hg2+ ions. The LOD was calculated as 3.7 nM and 4.4 nm for QDTC and QDTCDye, respectively. These LOD obtained are lower than other similar QDs systems compared including the value reported by EPA and WHO institutions. Finally, the analysis with other transition metal ions was developed in the same way as in Chapter 2. All the transition metal ions evaluated enhance the photoluminescence in QDTC and QDTCDye. However, Hg2+ produces the highest increase in fluorescence intensity in QDTC. Photoluminescence enhancement indicates the passivation of traps on the surface of QD. The enhancement phenomenon, sensitivity (low LOD), and selectivity demonstrated that these materials are promising to apply in Hg2+ ions sensingeng
dc.description.abstractLos puntos cuánticos (QD) son nanocristales luminiscentes con tamaños en torno a 2-10 nm. Estos nanomateriales presentan características únicas debidas al efecto de confinamiento cuántico. Entre estas características se incluyen espectros de excitación amplios, superficies versátiles, espectros de emisión estrechos y un alto rendimiento cuántico. Sus propiedades ópticas y estructurales dependen del tamaño y de la modificación de la superficie con iones metálicos o ligandos. Estas propiedades hacen posible su aplicación en la detección por fluorescencia, en la que se utilizan QDs como CdSe, CdTe y CdS. Esta tesis muestra la influencia de los tratamientos con S y Zn utilizados en la síntesis de tres QDs core-shell CdSe-ZnS sobre las propiedades ópticas y la funcionalización de CdSe-ZnS con dos ligandos: un ditiocarbamato de arilo (DTC) y un colorante aromático para sondear el efecto del sensado de iones Hg2+ sobre la fotoluminiscencia de los QDs. Todos los QDs core-shell y QDs-L se caracterizaron por difractometría de rayos X para medir la cristalinidad, microscopía electrónica de alta resolución (HR TEM) para determinar el tamaño y la cristalinidad, espectroscopía fotoelectrónica de rayos X y espectroscopía FT-IR se utilizaron para analizar la coordinación de ligandos en la superficie de CdSe-ZnS QDs; se determinaron las propiedades ópticas tales como absorción, emisión, rendimiento cuántico (QY) y fotoluminiscencia resuelta en el tiempo. El capítulo 2 muestra la influencia de los tratamientos con S y Zn durante la síntesis de tres CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs en las propiedades estructurales y ópticas. Por ejemplo, en la caracterización estructural, el análisis de los patrones de DRX mostró tres picos a 25.5, 42,7 y 50.2 2θ grados, correspondientes a los planos de red (111), (220) y (311) de la mezcla cúbica de zinc CdSe. Los picos de difracción del núcleo-cáscara muestran un desplazamiento hacia grados 2θ superiores debido a la formación de la cáscara de ZnS alrededor del núcleo de CdSe. El análisis HRTEM mostró partículas no agregadas con tamaños de distribución en torno a 2.7 nm, 3.2 nm y 3.3 nm. Las medidas XPS mostraron cambios en las regiones Zn2p, y Cd3d, indicando la existencia de diferentes especies de estos elementos en la superficie de CdSe-ZnS QDs con diferentes tratamientos de S y Zn utilizados durante la síntesis. Los resultados de FT-IR mostraron la existencia de QDs CdSe-ZnS con ácido oleico y recubrimiento TOP. Las propiedades ópticas de los QDs con diferentes proporciones de Zn:S se desarrollaron mediante espectroscopias UV-Vis, de fluorescencia y de fotoluminiscencia resuelta en el tiempo. El exceso de S utilizado en la síntesis de CdSe-ZnS QD (QD-0.3 ML) produce un QY inferior al de otros QDs estudiados. El S actúa como una trampa de huecos, favoreciendo la disminución de la fotoluminiscencia, y se favorece la recombinación no radiativa. Sin embargo, el aumento de la cantidad de Zn elimina/elimina las trampas de huecos producidas por el exceso de S, se regenera la fotoluminiscencia y aumenta el QY, como en el QD-0.9 ML (QY: 0.54). El tratamiento con Zn produce un efecto de pasivación de esta trampa en la superficie de los QDs para mejorar la fotoluminiscencia. Por otro lado, cuando el tratamiento con Zn es el más alto (QD-1.0 ML), el rendimiento cuántico (QY) de los QDs núcleo/capa correspondientes disminuirá debido a las trampas en la interfaz CdSe-ZnS. El análisis de tres CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs (QD-0.3 ML, QD-0.9 ML, y QD-1.0 ML) como sensores de iones Hg2+ se desarrolló en fase homogénea utilizando una solución de QDs en una mezcla CHCl3/Etanol (1/1) y solución acuosa con diferentes concentraciones de Hg2+ utilizando espectroscopias UV-Vis, de fluorescencia y de fotoluminiscencia resuelta en el tiempo. La adición de Hg2+ produce diferentes cambios en la fotoluminiscencia de los QDs. Por ejemplo, en QD-0.3 ML, se produce un apagamiento de la fotoluminiscencia debido a la formación de partículas de HgSe sobre el núcleo de CdSe del QD; estas partículas de HgSe se producen por una reacción de intercambio catiónico entre el Cd del núcleo y el Hg, el Ksp de HgSe es menor que el de CdSe, y esta reacción se ve favorecida.12 El exceso de S del (TMS)2S utilizado en la síntesis de QD-0.3 ML produce HgS debido a la alta afinidad del S y el Hg en concordancia con la teoría HSAB. Por otro lado, la adición de iones Hg2+ en QDs CdSe-ZnS con cáscaras más gruesas (QD-0.9 ML y QD-1.0 ML) mostró el efecto contrario, es decir, se produce una mejora en la fotoluminiscencia. En estos QDs, el Hg2+ produce partículas de HgS en la superficie de la cáscara, formando una pseudocáscara que pasiva las trampas superficiales y mejora la fotoluminiscencia. Una reacción de intercambio catiónico forma estas partículas de HgS de Zn a Hg en la cáscara de ZnS porque el Ksp del HgS es menor que el del ZnS,12 por lo que la reacción se ve favorecida. Además, se determinó el límite de detección (LOD) de los iones Hg2+ con la respuesta obtenida en los espectros de emisión del QD en función de las concentraciones de Hg2+ (0.5-5.0 µM). El LOD para QD-0.3 ML fue de 11.2 nM. El LOD para QDs con cáscaras más gruesas fue de 8.98 nM y 10.7 nM para QD-0.9 ML y QD-1.0 ML, respectivamente. Estos valores de LOD son inferiores a los de otros QDs reportados. Finalmente, se desarrolló el análisis con otros iones de metales de transición utilizando soluciones acuosas de sales de cloruro de Zn2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Ni2+, y Hg2+ y QDs en una solución de CHCl3/Etanol (1/1). Este análisis mostró disminución de fotoluminiscencia con todos los iones metálicos evaluados en QD-0.3 ML; sin embargo, el quenching más significativo observado fue el producido por los iones Hg2+ debido a la formación de partículas de HgSe en el núcleo ya que el Ksp del HgSe es menor que el de otros iones metálicos evaluados. Mientras que en el caso de QD-0.9 ML y QD-1.0 ML, la fotoluminiscencia se ve potenciada debido a la pasivación de las trampas superficiales formadas durante la síntesis de los QDs. El carácter versátil de la superficie de los QDs es una propiedad interesante y ventajosa. Así, diferentes ligandos pueden coordinarse con la superficie para modular las propiedades estructurales y ópticas con el fin de mejorar su posible aplicación. Los ligandos capados en la superficie de los QDs pueden mejorar las propiedades físicas, como la solubilidad en medios acuosos, y producir cambios en las propiedades ópticas, como los espectros QY, de absorción y de fotoluminiscencia. Sin embargo, los ligandos pueden introducir niveles de energía favorables o desfavorables (HOMO-LUMO) en los QDs y afectar a las propiedades ópticas, como la fotoluminiscencia. Por ejemplo, la literatura ha demostrado que los ligandos tiolados generalmente actúan como trampas de huecos debido a que los niveles HOMO del ligando están cerca de la banda de valencia (VB), produciendo orbitales solapados; cuando el QD es fotoexcitado, el ligando atrapa el hueco fotogenerado y la deslocalización del excitón se produce favoreciendo la formación de nuevos centros no radiativos y la fotoluminiscencia disminuye. El capítulo 3 muestra la influencia de dos ligandos superficiales en las propiedades estructurales y ópticas del QD con núcleo de CdSe-ZnS (QD-0.9 ML): 1) un ditiocarbamato aromático (DTC) y 2) un ligando colorante aromático (Dye) capado en la superficie de este QD. Se seleccionó el QD-0.9 ML porque este QD tiene el QY más alto calculado (Capítulo 2). Ambos ligandos se fijaron al QD mediante un proceso de intercambio de ligandos, utilizando una solución saturada de ligandos (DTC y Dye) en metanol y una solución de QD en hexano a 60°C durante 1 h (QD/DTC, 1/3). El intercambio de ligandos produjo un desplazamiento al rojo de las bandas máximas de absorción y emisión de los nuevos QDs: QDTC y QDTCDye, apareciendo una nueva banda de emisión en los espectros de fluorescencia de QDTCDye, que procede del ligando Dye. Se analizó el efecto de dos ligandos sobre las propiedades estructurales de los QDs. Los patrones de DRX no muestran cambios significativos en los picos de difracción de los QD; el proceso de intercambio de ligandos no afectó a la cristalinidad. El análisis HRTEM mostró un aumento del tamaño de los QDs de 3.0 nm (QD-0.9 ML) a 3.4 nm y 3.7 nm para QDTC y QDTCDye, respectivamente. No hay cambios significativos en el factor d-spacing. La cristalinidad se conserva, confirmando lo observado en el análisis DRX. El análisis FT-IR mostró la coordinación del DTC por el grupo -CSS- debido a que desaparece la banda a 1000 cm-1 de este grupo funcional y el ligando Dye está coordinado por ambos carboxilatos en su estructura ya que no se observa la banda a 1707 cm-1 correspondiente a los enlaces C=O en ácidos carboxílicos confirmando su coordinación. Las medidas XPS mostraron nuevos picos en C1s y O1s debido a la aparición de nuevos enlaces como C-N y C-OH. Además, en Zn2p y Cd3d, los picos se deconvolucionaron en varios componentes, indicando la presencia de diferentes especies de Zn y Cd coordinadas con los ligandos capados. Esta caracterización mostró la influencia de la coordinación del ligando en las propiedades estructurales de los QDs. En consecuencia, se estudió el efecto de los ligandos sobre los QDs y sus propiedades ópticas, como la absorción, la emisión y la fotoluminiscencia resuelta en el tiempo. La coordinación de ligandos DTC produce una disminución de la fotoluminiscencia (quenching). El orbital HOMO del DTC se solapa con la banda de valencia (VB), atrapando el hueco fotogenerado, deslocalizando la recombinación excitónica, y la fotoluminiscencia disminuye drásticamente. El ligando DTC actúa como una trampa de huecos que afecta las propiedades de fotoluminiscencia de los QD, como el QY. Sin embargo, el ligando Dye produce una ligera mejora en esta propiedad óptica, y la fotoluminiscencia aumenta con la coordinación del ligando Dye debido a su acción como compuesto electrón-donador que produce una repoblación de electrones en la banda de conducción (CB) para regenerar la recombinación excitónica y pasivar las trampas de huecos producida por el ligando DTC. El QY mejora con la coordinación del ligando Dye. El análisis de detección de iones Hg2+ se desarrolló utilizando una solución de QDTC y QDTCDye en etanol como disolvente y soluciones acuosas con diferentes concentraciones de iones Hg2+ en un rango lineal de 0.5-5.0 µM. Los cambios de absorción y emisión se analizaron con espectroscopias UV-Vis, de fluorescencia y de fotoluminiscencia resuelta en el tiempo. Los iones Hg2+ aumentan la intensidad de fluorescencia de QDTC y QDTCDye debido a la formación de partículas de HgS en la capa de ZnS de los QDs pasivando las trampas producidas por el ligando DTC. Estas partículas de HgS se producen en la superficie del ZnS debido a la reacción de intercambio catiónico ya que el Ksp del HgS es menor que el Ksp del ZnS, favoreciendo esta reacción. El comportamiento del QDTCDye con la adición de diferentes concentraciones de iones Hg2+ es ratiométrico. El límite de detección (LOD) de QDTC y QDTCDye se determinó utilizando la respuesta de intensidad de fluorescencia en función de diferentes concentraciones de iones Hg2+. El LOD se calculó como 3.7 nM y 4.4 nm para QDTC y QDTCDye, respectivamente. Estos LOD obtenidos son inferiores a los de otros sistemas de QDs similares comparados e incluso a los establecidos por la EPA y la OMS. Finalmente, el análisis con otros iones de metales de transición se desarrolló con la misma forma desarrollada en el Capítulo 2. Todos los iones metálicos de transición evaluados aumentan la fotoluminiscencia en QDTC y QDTCDye. Sin embargo, el Hg2+ produce el mayor incremento en la intensidad de fluorescencia en QDTC. El aumento de la fotoluminiscencia indica la pasivación de trampas en la superficie del QD. Este fenómeno mejora la sensibilidad (bajo LOD) y la selectividad demostrando que estos materiales son prometedores para su aplicación en la detección de iones Hg2+. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.sponsorshipMINISTERIO DE CIENCIASspa
dc.format.extent177 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85310
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::541 - Química físicaspa
dc.subject.proposalQuantum dotseng
dc.subject.proposalMercuryeng
dc.subject.proposalCappingeng
dc.subject.proposalLigandeng
dc.subject.proposalSensitivityeng
dc.subject.proposalSelectivityeng
dc.subject.proposalPuntos cuánticosspa
dc.subject.proposalMercuriospa
dc.subject.proposalCapaspa
dc.subject.proposalSensibilidadspa
dc.subject.proposalSelectividadspa
dc.subject.proposalSuperficiespa
dc.subject.proposalPoints quantiquesfra
dc.subject.proposalMercurefra
dc.subject.proposalRevêtementfra
dc.subject.proposalSensibilitéfra
dc.subject.proposalSélectivitéfra
dc.subject.proposalSurfacefra
dc.subject.unescoInvestigación químicaspa
dc.subject.unescoChemical researcheng
dc.subject.unescoCiencias físicasspa
dc.subject.unescoPhysical scienceseng
dc.subject.unescoCiencias químicasspa
dc.subject.unescoChemical scienceseng
dc.titleEffect of mercury ions on the optical and structural properties of quantum dots with aromatic dithiocarbamates ligandseng
dc.title.translatedEfecto de iones mercurio sobre las propiedades opticas y estructurales de puntos cuanticos con ligandos ditiocarbamatosspa
dc.title.translatedEffet des ions mercure sur les propriétés optiques et structurelles des points quantiques à ligands dithiocarbamates aromatiquesfra
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06spa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccespa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/draftspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameMinisterio de Cienciasspa
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa

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