Perceval: La predestinación y la gracia
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Vergara Castro, Alejandro Adolfo
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El presente trabajo explora el destino heróico del último de los héroes de Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval le Gallois, a través de los conceptos de gracia y predestinación desde el punto de vista teológico de San Agustìn de Ipona, estableciendo la tesis principal de que a pesar de que el héroe tenga un papel activo en la persecución de su aventura fundamental, en realidad y principalmente no se crea ni se capacita él mismo para ella sino que primigeniamente es elegido, formado a través de pasos rituales de perfeccionamiento interior y orientado al cumplimiento de su destino por la realidad constitutiva del Grial que es unívocamente cristiana alto-medieval. Para el presente trabajo, la aventura percevalina es la aventura amorosa del alma llamada por Dios para Sí mismo, mediada por la libertad y la posibilidad del pecado. El caballero es héroico en la medida que responde a un llamado y actualiza sus íntimas prioridades de acuerdo con las prioridades divinas del ejericio activo de la misericordia en favor de la persona, súbditos y reino del Rey Pescador. El carácter inacabado de El Cuento del Grial es complementado aquí con otras cuatro versiones y continuaciones del cuento realizadas entre finales del siglo XII hasta mediados del siglo XIII en lo que hoy comprende el territorio francés y alemán. Este esfuerzo académico se apoya además en el postulado de la inexistencia del azar por Boecio y aportes de estudiosos del hecho y el pensamiento medieval como Carlos García Gual, Étienne Gilson, Robert Guiette, Maurice Keen, Victoria Cirlot, Jaques Le Goff, Johan Huizinga, Lord Raglan, entre otros.
Abstract: This work is an aproach to the heroic destiny of the latest hero narrated by Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval le Gallois, through out Saint Augustine’s concepts of predestination and grace. Its main thesis states that despite the hero’s active role pursuing his adventure, in reality is not in him where we can find the primary motor of the quest for the Grail, but in God who is the biginning and the end of the hero’s destiny. Perceval is chosen, educated and conducted by God’s grace through out very specific ritual steps in a context of courtly love and Early Midlle Ages cristianty. Perceval becomes a hero in the messure he responds to the divine calling, configuring his intimate priorities with God’s will of charity, mercy and moral perfection, developed around the Roi Pêcheur’s kingdom, subjetcs and physical suffering. The “inachevé” character of Chrétien de Troyes’ Tale of the Grail, is complemented by other four versions of the tale finished between the early twelfth and the middle thirteenth century in what we call today french and german territory. This academic effort is supported also by Boecio’s postulate of the inexistence of chance and the contribution of experts of Middle Ages’ facts and thought, such as, Carlos García Gual, Étienne Gilson, Robert Guiette, Maurice Keen, Victoria Cirlot, Jaques Le Goff, Johan Huizinga, Lord Raglan, among others.
Abstract: This work is an aproach to the heroic destiny of the latest hero narrated by Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval le Gallois, through out Saint Augustine’s concepts of predestination and grace. Its main thesis states that despite the hero’s active role pursuing his adventure, in reality is not in him where we can find the primary motor of the quest for the Grail, but in God who is the biginning and the end of the hero’s destiny. Perceval is chosen, educated and conducted by God’s grace through out very specific ritual steps in a context of courtly love and Early Midlle Ages cristianty. Perceval becomes a hero in the messure he responds to the divine calling, configuring his intimate priorities with God’s will of charity, mercy and moral perfection, developed around the Roi Pêcheur’s kingdom, subjetcs and physical suffering. The “inachevé” character of Chrétien de Troyes’ Tale of the Grail, is complemented by other four versions of the tale finished between the early twelfth and the middle thirteenth century in what we call today french and german territory. This academic effort is supported also by Boecio’s postulate of the inexistence of chance and the contribution of experts of Middle Ages’ facts and thought, such as, Carlos García Gual, Étienne Gilson, Robert Guiette, Maurice Keen, Victoria Cirlot, Jaques Le Goff, Johan Huizinga, Lord Raglan, among others.