Determinación de los niveles de exposición humana a los campos electromagnéticos generados por el uso de las estructuras arquitectónicas como bajantes naturales de rayo
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Rojas Leal, Fabián Ricardo
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En este trabajo de investigación se presenta el análisis mediante simulación de diversas estructuras metálicas de refuerzo arquitectónico sometidas al impacto de un rayo. Los resultados obtenidos usando un software comercial que emplea la técnica de integración finita (FIT), son comparados con publicaciones que usan el Método Electromagnético Hibrido (MEH) y el método de Diferencias Finitas en el Dominio del Tiempo (FDTD). Se analizan los efectos del cambio de la configuración de la estructura de refuerzo y del concreto, verificando los cambios en las formas de onda de las corrientes circulantes y en el campo magnético (CM) generado por estas. Posteriormente se realizan simulaciones adicionales usando una estructura arquitectónica base con 4 y 8 bajantes, inyectando tres tipos diferentes de señal de rayo. Se analiza el comportamiento de las corrientes circulantes y los valores de CM. Con los resultados, se realiza una evaluación del cumplimiento de los valores de referencia recomendados por la ICNIRP. Tres métodos son usados para establecer la exposición: El de aproximación de forma de onda a valor instantáneo, la evaluación con una técnica estandarizada para baja frecuencia del fabricante de equipos de medición NARDA Safety Test Solution y la evaluación con el parámetro de corriente inducida mediante una aproximación del parámetro
Abstract: This Project shows the analysis and simulation for several metallic structures of architectonic reinforcement that have been exposed to a lightning impact. The results obtained using a commercial software, that uses the finite integration technique (FIT), are compared with other studies that use the Hybrid electromagnetic method (MEH), and the finite differences in time domain (FDTD). The effects of the changes in the configuration of the reinforcement structure and the concrete are studied, verifying the changes in the waveforms of the circulating currents and the magnetic field generated by them.. Afterwards, additional simulations were carried out using an architectonic structural base with 4 or 8 vertical columns of rein-forced bars, injecting three different kinds of lightning signals. The performance of the surrounding currents and the values of CM are evaluated. With the results, an evaluation of the compliance of the recommended reference values by the ICNIRP was assessed. Three methods were used for this assessment: The waveform at an instant value approach, the technique for standardized evaluation of the NARDA Safety Test Solution equipment manufacturer, and the evaluation with induced current parameter evaluation by a parameter approach. Moreover, the difficulties in the use of the multiple frequency exposition rule for lightning signals are presented. This research proves that, in several points of the structures, the evaluation provides an exposition that exceeds in more than 5000% the values given by the recommended levels.
Abstract: This Project shows the analysis and simulation for several metallic structures of architectonic reinforcement that have been exposed to a lightning impact. The results obtained using a commercial software, that uses the finite integration technique (FIT), are compared with other studies that use the Hybrid electromagnetic method (MEH), and the finite differences in time domain (FDTD). The effects of the changes in the configuration of the reinforcement structure and the concrete are studied, verifying the changes in the waveforms of the circulating currents and the magnetic field generated by them.. Afterwards, additional simulations were carried out using an architectonic structural base with 4 or 8 vertical columns of rein-forced bars, injecting three different kinds of lightning signals. The performance of the surrounding currents and the values of CM are evaluated. With the results, an evaluation of the compliance of the recommended reference values by the ICNIRP was assessed. Three methods were used for this assessment: The waveform at an instant value approach, the technique for standardized evaluation of the NARDA Safety Test Solution equipment manufacturer, and the evaluation with induced current parameter evaluation by a parameter approach. Moreover, the difficulties in the use of the multiple frequency exposition rule for lightning signals are presented. This research proves that, in several points of the structures, the evaluation provides an exposition that exceeds in more than 5000% the values given by the recommended levels.