Presencia de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en material particulado fino en el centro de Medellín

dc.contributor.advisorDurango Restrepo, Diego Luis
dc.contributor.advisorMeneses Ramírez, Erick Alejandro
dc.contributor.advisorDurango Restrepo, Diego Luis
dc.contributor.authorBermúdez Lopera, Johanna
dc.contributor.cvlacBermúdez Lopera, Johannaspa
dc.contributor.orcidDurango Restrepo, Diego Luis [0000-0003-3575-1253]spa
dc.coverage.cityMedellín, Antioquia, Colombia
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-19T20:03:02Z
dc.date.available2023-05-19T20:03:02Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, mapasspa
dc.description.abstractEste trabajo se desarrolló en el centro de Medellín, ciudad que está ubicada en el Valle de Aburrá al interior de la cordillera central de los Andes colombianos. El perfil topográfico de la ciudad es propicio para la concentración de contaminantes atmosféricos, entre ellos el material particulado (PM). El PM es un conjunto de partículas sólidas y líquidas que contienen gran cantidad de compuestos nocivos para la salud, como los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs). Las partículas con diámetros de 2,5 µm (PM fino) y las de tamaño menor, son componentes de alerta para la salud, debido a su tamaño y composición. El muestreo de PM para esta investigación se realizó en diez microambientes del centro de Medellín, a una altura aproximada de un metro, utilizando un equipo de captura con un flujo de aire de 9 l/min. El equipo fue acoplado a un impactador en cascada que separó el PM en diferentes radios aerodinámicos. Para esta investigación se tomaron dos rangos de tamaños de partícula: entre 0,25 µm – 1 µm (PM fino) y mayores a 1 µm (PM fino y grueso). El PM se capturó en filtros de celulosa regenerada y las muestras fueron extraídas con sonicación usando acetonitrilo (ACN) como solvente. El perfilado químico de los PAHs se realizó por cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UHPLC-MS). Se detectó la presencia de fenantreno, fluoranteno y pireno en los diez sitios de muestreo, en ambos tamaños de partícula. Los sitios de muestreos ubicados en la Calle 54 con Carrera 51 (punto ocho) y Calle 48 con carrera 51 (punto siete) presentaron la mayor concentración de PAHs en PM fino, con un valor acumulado de 16,5 ppb y 16,4 ppb respectivamente, mientras que el microambiente ubicado en la Calle 46 con Carrera 52 (punto diez) contó con la mayor concentración de PAHs en PM fino y grueso, con un valor acumulado de 18,5 ppb. El estudio del estado atmosférico y los componentes nocivos presentes en PM fino en zonas de alta contaminación aporta información valiosa para tomar medidas y conservar la salud de la población. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThis work was developed in the Medellín downtown, located in the Aburrá valley, in the central Colombian Andean mountain range. The city is topographic profile is prone to atmospheric pollution accumulation, including particulate matter (PM). The PM is an aggregate of solid and liquid particles containing compounds harmful to health, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The particles with a diameter of 2,5 µm (fine PM) and less are warning components, due to their size and composition. The PM sampling was carried out in ten microenvironments of the downtown city, at one meter high approximately, using an air capture instrument with a flow of 9 l/min. The instrument is coupled to a cascade impactor that separates the PM into different aerodynamic radii, separating into two size ranges of particles sizes: between 0,25 – 1 µm (fine PM) and greater than 1 µm (fine and coarse PM). The PM was captured in regenerated cellulose filters and the samples were extracted with sonication using acetonitrile (ACN) as solvent. The PAHs chemical profiling was analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). As results, the phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene were detected in the ten sampling sites, in both particle sizes. The sampling sites eight and seven had the highest concentration of PAHs in fine PM, with cumulative values of 16,5 ppb and 16,4 ppb respectively, meanwhile the sampling site ten had the highest concentration of PAHs in fine and coarse PM, with a cumulative value of 18,5 ppb. The study of atmospheric state and the harmful components present in fine PM in highly polluted areas, provides valuable information to take measures and preserve the health of the population.eng
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular en Ciencias Naturalesspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en ciencias-Químicaspa
dc.description.methodsEl muestreo de PM para esta investigación se realizó en diez microambientes del centro de Medellín, a una altura aproximada de un metro, utilizando un equipo de captura con un flujo de aire de 9 l/min. El equipo fue acoplado a un impactador en cascada que separó el PM en diferentes radios aerodinámicos. Para esta investigación se tomaron dos rangos de tamaños de partícula: entre 0,25 µm – 1 µm (PM fino) y mayores a 1 µm (PM fino y grueso). El PM se capturó en filtros de celulosa regenerada y las muestras fueron extraídas con sonicación usando acetonitrilo (ACN) como solvente. El perfilado químico de los PAHs se realizó por cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas (UHPLC-MS)spa
dc.description.researchareaQuímica Ambientalspa
dc.format.extent90 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83837
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.relation.referencesAdams, C., McLinden, C. A., Shephard, M. W., Dickson, N., Dammers, E., Chen, J., … Krotkov, N. A. (2019). Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19(4), 2577–2599. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2577-2019spa
dc.relation.referencesAgilent Technologies. (2016). Cromatografía de líquidos de alto rendimiento (HPLC): fundamentos y teoría.spa
dc.relation.referencesAlbinet, A., Tomaz, S., & Lestremau, F. (2013). A really quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure for the analysis of particle-bound PAHs in ambient air and emission samples. Science of the Total Environment, 450–451, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.068spa
dc.relation.referencesAmat, J. (2016). Correlación lineal y regresión lineal simple en R. RPubs, 1–55. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cienciadedatos.net/documentos/24_correlacion_y_regresion_lineal%0Aspa
dc.relation.referencesAmat, R. J. (2017). Análisis de Componentes Principales (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) y t-SNE. RStudio Pubs, 1–38. Retrieved from https://www.cienciadedatos.net/documentos/35_principal_component_analysis%0Aspa
dc.relation.referencesArea Metropolitana-Valle de Aburrá. (2019). CONDICIONES ESPECIALES DEL VALLE DE ABURRÁ Factores que incrementan la contaminación en el valle. Retrieved from https://www.metropol.gov.co/ambientales/calidad-del-aire/generalidades/condiciones-especialesspa
dc.relation.referencesArea Metropolitana-Valle de Aburrá. (2020). Zona Urbana de Aire Protegido (ZUAP). Retrieved from https://www.medellin.gov.co/movilidad/gerencia-de-movilidad-humana/zona-urbana-de-aire-protegido-medellinspa
dc.relation.referencesATSDR., A. para S. T. y el R. de E. (1995). Resumen de Salud Pública: Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP). Retrieved from www.atsdr.cdc.gov/esspa
dc.relation.referencesATSDR. (2016). CS258257-A ToxFAQsTM sobre los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP). Agencia Para Sustancias Tóxicas y Registro de Enfermedades, 1–2.spa
dc.relation.referencesAzadeh, M., Gorovits, B., Kamerud, J., MacMannis, S., Safavi, A., Sailstad, J., & Sondag, P. (2018). Calibration Curves in Quantitative Ligand Binding Assays: Recommendations and Best Practices for Preparation, Design, and Editing of Calibration Curves. AAPS Journal, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-017-0159-4spa
dc.relation.referencesBehera, S. N., & Sharma, M. (2010). Investigating the potential role of ammonia in ion chemistry of fine particulate matter formation for an urban environment. Science of the Total Environment, 408(17), 3569–3575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.04.017spa
dc.relation.referencesBerra, M., Galperín, G., Dawidowski, L., Tau, J., Márquez, I., & Berra, A. (2015). Impact of wildfire smoke in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on ocular surface. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia, 78(2), 110–114. https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20150028spa
dc.relation.referencesBoström, C. E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernström, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., … Westerholm, R. (2002). Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110(SUPPL. 3), 451–488. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.110-1241197spa
dc.relation.referencesCai, S. S., Stevens, J., & Syage, J. A. (2012). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry for high-sensitivity analysis of US Environmental Protection Agency sixteen priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in oysters. Journal of Chromatography A, 1227, 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.111spa
dc.relation.referencesChow, J. C. (1995). Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 45(5), 320–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1995.10467369spa
dc.relation.referencesClark, L. P., Millet, D. B., & Marshall, J. D. (2014). National patterns in environmental injustice and inequality: Outdoor NO2 air pollution in the United States. PLoS ONE, 9(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094431spa
dc.relation.referencesCómo vamos Medellín. (2020). Valle de Aburrá entre prevenciones alertas y retos por la gobernanza del aire. Retrieved from https://www.medellincomovamos.org/valle-de-aburra-entre-prevenciones-alertas-y-retos-por-la-gobernanza-del-airespa
dc.relation.referencesDel, C., Operacional, P., Enfrentar, P., Técnico, I., Acción, P. D. E., La, P., … Ortiz, R. (2020). Área Metropolitana Del Valle De Aburrá Y Universidad Plan Integral Para La Gestión De La Calidad Del Aire Del Valle De Aburrá - Pigeca 2017-2030 Plan Operacional Para Enfrentar Episodios De Contaminación At-.spa
dc.relation.referencesDelistraty, D. (1997). Toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 64(1–4), 81–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249709358542spa
dc.relation.referencesDunbar, et al. (2001). Estimating the contributions of mobile sources of PAH to urban air using real-time PAH monitoring. Science of the Total Environment, 279(1–3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00686-6spa
dc.relation.referencesEl tiempo. (2018). Calidad del aire Medellín. Retrieved from https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/medellin/en-medellin-la-calidad-del-aire-es-una-amenaza-para-la-poblacion-192384spa
dc.relation.referencesEmsbo-mattingly, S. D., & Litman, E. (2016). fingerprinting. Standard Handbook Oil Spill Environmental Forensics (Second Edi). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803832-1/00005-2spa
dc.relation.referencesEPA. (1986a). METHOD 8100-Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.spa
dc.relation.referencesEPA. (1986b). METHOD 8310 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.spa
dc.relation.referencesErawaty Silalahi, E. T. M., Anita, S., & Teruna, H. Y. (2011). Comparison of Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1819(1), 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1819/1/012061spa
dc.relation.referencesFAO, & RUAF. (2018). Evaluación y planificación del Sistema Agroalimentario Ciudad-Región.spa
dc.relation.referencesFour, E. (2002). † U.S. Patent No. 6,786,105. USA.spa
dc.relation.referencesFujiwara, F., Guiñez, M., Cerutti, S., & Smichowski, P. (2014). UHPLC-(+)APCI-MS/MS determination of oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter and tree barks collected in Buenos Aires city. Microchemical Journal, 116, 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2014.04.004spa
dc.relation.referencesGaviria, C. F., Muñoz M., J. C., & González, G. J. (2012). Contaminación del aire y vulnerabilidad de individuos expuestos: un caso de estudio para el centro de Medellín. (Spanish). Air Pollution and Vulnerability of Exposed Individuals: The Case of Downtown Medellín. (English), 30(3), 316–327. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=85867381&lang=es&site=ehost-livespa
dc.relation.referencesGuo, Y., Wu, K., Huo, X., & Xu, X. (2011). Sources, distribution, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Environmental Health, 73(9), 22–25.spa
dc.relation.referencesGurjar, B. R., Jain, A., Sharma, A., Agarwal, A., Gupta, P., Nagpure, A. S., & Lelieveld, J. (2010). Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 44(36), 4606–4613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.011spa
dc.relation.referencesHayakawa, K., Nagato, E. G., Tang, N., Toriba, A., Yang, X., Simpson, C. D., & Kameda, T. (2018). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Environmental Behavior and Toxicity in East Asia. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Enviromental Behavior and Toxicity in East Asia. https://doi.org/10.1201/b13024spa
dc.relation.referencesHayakawa, K., Tang, N., Nagato, E. G., Toriba, A., Sakai, S., Kano, F., … Kakimoto, H. (2018). Long term trends in atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A study of Japanese cities from 1997 to 2014. Environmental Pollution, 233, 474–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.038spa
dc.relation.referencesHerrera-Murillo, J., & Chaves-Villalobos, M. del C. (2012). Validación de un método de análisis para la determinación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia en partículas PM10 Y PM2,5. Tecnología En Marcha, ISSN 0379-3962, ISSN-e 2215-3241, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2012, 25(3), 8. https://doi.org/10.18845/tm.v25i3.456spa
dc.relation.referencesIQAir. (2021). Amoníaco. Retrieved from https://www.iqair.com/mx/blog/air-quality/ammoniaspa
dc.relation.referencesJavier, A., & Fuentes, A. (2016). Dispersión de material particulado (pm 10 ), con interrelación de factores meteorológicos y topográficos (particulate matter dispersion (pm 10 ), with interrelation of topographic and meteorological factors), 16, 43–54.spa
dc.relation.referencesJung, S., Kim, S., Chung, T., Hong, H., Lee, S., & Lim, J. (2021). Emission characteristics of hazardous air pollutants from medium-duty diesel trucks based on driving cycles. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147834spa
dc.relation.referencesKowalska, M., Skrzypek, M., Kowalski, M., & Cyrys, J. (2020). Effect of NOx and NO2 concentration increase in ambient air to daily bronchitis and asthma exacerbation, Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030754spa
dc.relation.referencesKumar, P., Hama, S., Nogueira, T., Abbass, R. A., Brand, V. S., Andrade, M. de F., … Salam, A. (2021). In-car particulate matter exposure across ten global cities. Science of the Total Environment, 750, 141395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141395spa
dc.relation.referencesLiaud, C., Millet, M., & Le Calvé, S. (2015). An analytical method coupling accelerated solvent extraction and HPLC-fluorescence for the quantification of particle-bound PAHs in indoor air sampled with a 3-stages cascade impactor. Talanta, 131, 386–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.027spa
dc.relation.referencesMa, H., Liu, F., Yang, X., Liu, Q., Wang, X., Xing, X., … Huang, J. (2021). Association of short-term fine particulate matter exposure with pulmonary function in populations at intermediate to high-risk of cardiovascular disease: A panel study in three Chinese cities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 220(February), 112397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112397spa
dc.relation.referencesMa, J. K., Saad Eldin, W. F., El-Ghareeb, W. R., Elhelaly, A. E., Khedr, M. H. E., Li, X., … Jiang, D. (2019). Effects of Pyrene on Human Liver HepG2 Cells: Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Transcriptomic Changes in Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes and Inflammatory Markers with Protection Trial Using Lycopene. BioMed Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7604851spa
dc.relation.referencesMa, W. L., Liu, L. Y., Jia, H. L., Yang, M., & Li, Y. F. (2018). PAHs in Chinese atmosphere Part I: Concentration, source and temperature dependence. Atmospheric Environment, 173(August 2017), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.11.029spa
dc.relation.referencesMaría, & Aramburu, M. (2017). Policíclicos De Muestras De Interés Medioambiental Mediante Ultrasonidos.spa
dc.relation.referencesMiller, S. M., Matross, D. M., Andrews, A. E., Millet, D. B., Longo, M., Gottlieb, E. W., … Wofsy, S. C. (2008). Sources of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in North America determined from high-resolution atmospheric data. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(24), 7673–7696. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7673-2008spa
dc.relation.referencesMueller, A., Ulrich, N., Hollmann, J., Zapata Sanchez, C. E., Rolle-Kampczyk, U. E., & von Bergen, M. (2019). Characterization of a multianalyte GC-MS/MS procedure for detecting and quantifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives from air particulate matter for an improved risk assessment. Environmental Pollution, 255, 112967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112967spa
dc.relation.referencesNational Biomonitoring Program. (2017a). Phenanthrene. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Phenanthrene_BiomonitoringSummary.htmlspa
dc.relation.referencesNational Biomonitoring Program. (2017b). Pyrene. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Pyrene_BiomonitoringSummary.htmlspa
dc.relation.referencesOrganización mundial de la salud. (2021). Contaminación del aire ambiente (exterior) 22 de septiembre de 2021. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-healthspa
dc.relation.referencesPeng, C., Ouyang, Z., Wang, M., Chen, W., Li, X., & Crittenden, J. C. (2013). Assessing the combined risks of PAHs and metals in urban soils by urbanization indicators. Environmental Pollution, 178, 426–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.058spa
dc.relation.referencesQuijano-Parra, A., Quijano-Vargas, M. J., & Meléndez-Gélvez, I. (2015). Genotoxicidad de los contaminantes prioritarios en el aire de Villa del Rosario - Norte de Santander, Colombia. Universidad y Salud, 17(1), 69–79.spa
dc.relation.referencesRamirez, M., Roldan, N., & Salazar, A. (2020). Informe Anual de Calidad del Aire 2020 Contrato Ciencia y Tecnologıa 871 de 2020, 94.spa
dc.relation.referencesRavindra, K., Sokhi, R., & Van Grieken, R. (2008). Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation. Atmospheric Environment, 42(13), 2895–2921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010spa
dc.relation.referencesRen, C., & Tong, S. (2008). Health effects of ambient air pollution – recent research development and contemporary methodological challenges. Environmental Health, 7(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-7-56spa
dc.relation.referencesSablik, M. J., Rios, S., Landgraf, F. J. G., Yonamine, T., De Campos, M. F., Kim, J. H., … Foram, Q. (2012). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Case Studies in Environmental Medicine Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Acta Materialia, 33(10), 348–352. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.12.003%0Ahttps://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/30/027/30027298.pdf?r=1&r=1%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2015.04.004spa
dc.relation.referencesShen, G., Preston, W., Ebersviller, S. M., Williams, C., Faircloth, J. W., Jetter, J. J., & Hays, M. D. (2017). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Burning Kerosene, Liquid Petroleum Gas, and Wood Fuels in Household Cookstoves. Energy and Fuels, 31(3), 3081–3090. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02641spa
dc.relation.referencesSivaram, A. K. (2014). Phytoremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) Contaminated Soil, 10(August), 178–184.spa
dc.relation.referencesSoto-Estrada, E. (2019). Estimation of the urban heat island in medellin, Colombia. Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental, 35(2), 421–434. https://doi.org/10.20937/RICA.2019.35.02.13spa
dc.relation.referencesStrupat, K., Scheibner, O., & Bromirski, M. (2013). High-Resolution, Accurate-Mass Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry -- Definitions, Opportunities, and Advantages. Thermo Scientific Technical Note, 64287, 1–5.spa
dc.relation.referencesTames, M. F., Tavera-Busso, I., & Carreras, H. A. (2019). Optimized method for particulate matter-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determination. Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental, 35(2), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.20937/RICA.2019.35.02.10spa
dc.relation.referencesThermo. (2015). Qual Browser User Guide Software Version 4.0. Thermo Scientific Technical Note.spa
dc.relation.referencesTsai, P. J., Shih, T. S., Chen, H. L., Lee, W. J., Lai, C. H., & Liou, S. H. (2004). Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene as an Indicator for Assessing the Exposures of Booth Attendants of a Highway Toll Station to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Environmental Science and Technology, 38(1), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1021/es030588kspa
dc.relation.referencesUPB, D. C. (2019). 5 datos que no sabías sobre la contaminación del aire en Medellín. Retrieved from https://www.upb.edu.co/es/central-blogs/divulgacion-cientifica/contaminacion-aire-medellinspa
dc.relation.referencesV. André, S. Billet,D. Pottier, J. Le Goff, I. Pottier, G. Garçon, P. S. and F. S. (2010). Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of PM2 5 issued from an urbano‐industrialized area of.pdf. Journal of Applied Toxicologypplied Toxicology.spa
dc.relation.referencesWang, X., Zong, Z., Tian, C., Chen, Y., Luo, C., Tang, J., … Zhang, G. (2018). Assessing on toxic potency of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a national atmospheric background site in North China. Science of the Total Environment, 612, 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.208spa
dc.relation.referencesWatson, J. G., & Chow, J. C. (2000). Reconciling Urban Fugitive Dust Emissions Inventory and Ambient Source Contribution Estimates: Summary of Current Knowledge and Needed Research. DRI Document No. 6110.4F, 1–240. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/efdocs/fugitivedust.pdfspa
dc.relation.referencesWiddowson, M. A., Shearer, S., Andersen, R. G., & Novak, J. T. (2005). Remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in groundwater using poplar trees. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(6), 1598–1605. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0491681spa
dc.relation.referencesZhang, Q., Liu, P., Li, S., Zhang, X., & Chen, M. (2020). Progress in the analytical research methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 43(13–14), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2020.1746668spa
dc.relation.referencesZhang, R., Wang, G., Guo, S., Zamora, M. L., Ying, Q., Lin, Y., … Wang, Y. (2015). Formation of Urban Fine Particulate Matter. Chemical Reviews, 115(10), 3803–3855. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067spa
dc.relation.referencesZhang, Y., Zheng, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Xing, X., & Qi, S. (2019). Fine particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at an urban site of Wuhan, central China: Characteristics, potential sources and cancer risks apportionment. Environmental Pollution, 246, 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.111spa
dc.relation.referencesZuth, C., Vogel, A. L., Ockenfeld, S., Huesmann, R., & Ho, T. (2018). Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Real Time: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00671spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::542 - Técnicas, procedimientos, aparatos, equipos, materialesspa
dc.subject.ddc300 - Ciencias sociales::304 - Factores que afectan el comportamiento socialspa
dc.subject.ddc360 - Problemas y servicios sociales; asociaciones::363 - Otros problemas y servicios socialesspa
dc.subject.lembContaminación del aire - Medellín (Colombia)spa
dc.subject.lembAir - Pollution - Medellín (Colombia)eng
dc.subject.lembPartículas - Determinación del tamañospa
dc.subject.lembParticle size determinationeng
dc.subject.proposalMaterial particulado finospa
dc.subject.proposalCentro de Medellínspa
dc.subject.proposalHidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicosspa
dc.subject.proposalImpactador en cascadaspa
dc.subject.proposalCromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masasspa
dc.subject.proposalFine particulate mattereng
dc.subject.proposalMedellín downtowneng
dc.subject.proposalPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonseng
dc.subject.proposalCascade impactoreng
dc.subject.proposalUltra high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometryeng
dc.titlePresencia de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en material particulado fino en el centro de Medellínspa
dc.title.translatedPresence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particulate matter in the center of Medellíneng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameColcienciasspa

Archivos

Bloque original

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
1026144590.2022.pdf
Tamaño:
2.21 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
Tesis de Maestría en Ciencias - Química

Bloque de licencias

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
5.74 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción: