A machine learning framework to support multi-channel time series classification in BCI systems with preserved interpretability

dc.contributor.advisorAlvarez Meza, Andres Marino
dc.contributor.advisorCastellanos Dominguez, Cesar German
dc.contributor.authorTobón Henao, Mateo
dc.contributor.orcidTobón Henao, Mateo [0000-0002-8454-371X]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Control y Procesamiento Digital de Señalesspa
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-08T18:08:36Z
dc.date.available2024-05-08T18:08:36Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptiongraficas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractBrain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) based on Electroencephalography (EEG) have gained significant attention as a practical approach for human-technology interaction. Motor imagery (MI) paradigms, wherein users mentally simulate motor tasks without physical movement, are widely employed in BCI development. However, constructing EEG-based BCI systems faces challenges due to the low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), non-stationarity, and nonlinearity of EEG signals, as well as the inter- and intra-subject variability that hinders the extraction of discriminant features. Additionally, poor motor skills among subjects lead to difficulties in practicing MI tasks under low SNR scenarios. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes two novel methodologies for EEG-based MI classification. Firstly, a subject-dependent preprocessing approach, termed Subject-dependent Artifact Removal (SD-AR), is presented. This approach employs Surface Laplacian Filtering and Independent Component Analysis algorithms to selectively remove signal artifacts based on the subjects' MI performance. The study also investigates power- and phase-based functional connectivity measures to extract relevant and interpretable patterns and identify subjects with suboptimal performance. The SD-AR methodology significantly improves MI classification performance in subjects with poor motor skills by effectively mitigating electrooculography and volume-conduction EEG artifacts. Secondly, a deep learning methodology, named kernel-based regularized EEGNet (KREEGNet), is introduced for EEG-based MI classification. KREEGNet is built on the foundation of centered kernel alignment and Gaussian functional connectivity, addressing the challenge of intrasubject variability and lack of spatial interpretability within end-to-end frameworks. The novel architecture of KREEGNet includes an additional kernel-based layer for regularized Gaussian functional connectivity estimation using CKA. Experimental results from binary and multiclass MI classification databases demonstrate the superiority of KREEGNet over baseline EEGNet and other state-of-the-art methods. The model's interpretability is further explored at individual and group levels, utilizing classification performance measures and pruned functional connectivities. In conclusion, the proposed methodologies in this thesis contribute to enhancing the reliability, interpretability, and classification performance of EEG-based MI paradigms in BCI systems. The SD-AR approach effectively tackles artifacts and enhances the quality of EEG data, particularly for subjects with poor motor skills. On the other hand, KREEGNet demonstrates remarkable performance improvements and provides spatial interpretability, making it a promising alternative for interpretable end-to-end EEG-BCI based on deep learning. These advancements pave the way for more effective and practical BCI applications in real-world scenarios (Texto tomado de la fuente)eng
dc.description.abstractLas interfaces cerebro-computadora (BCIs) basadas en señales de electroencefalografía (EEG) han ganado una atención significativa en los últimos años como un enfoque práctico para la interacción humano-computadora. Los paradigmas de imaginación motora (MI), donde los usuarios simulan mentalmente tareas motoras sin movimiento físico, son ampliamente empleados en el desarrollo de BCI. Sin embargo, la construcción de sistemas BCI basados en señales de EEG enfrentan importantes desafíos debido al bajo índice de Señal a Ruido (SNR), la no estacionariedad y la no linealidad de las señales de EEG, así como la variabilidad inter e intrasujeto que dificultan la extracción de características discriminantes. Para abordar estos desafíos, esta tesis propone dos metodologías novedosas para la clasificación de MI basada en EEG. En primer lugar, se presenta un enfoque de preprocesamiento sujeto dependiente, denominado Eliminación de Artefactos sujeto dependiente (SD-AR, por sus siglas en inglés). Este enfoque emplea el Filtrado Laplaciano de Superficie y algoritmos de Análisis de Componentes Independientes para eliminar selectivamente artefactos de las señales de EEG basados en el rendimiento que cada uno de los sujetos obtiene durante la tarea de MI. Igualmente se investiga el uso de medidas de conectividad funcional basadas en potencia y fase para extraer patrones relevantes e interpretables e identificar sujetos con rendimiento subóptimo. La metodología SD-AR mejora significativamente el rendimiento de clasificación de MI en sujetos con habilidades motoras deficientes al mitigar efectivamente los artefactos de electrooculografía y conducción de volumen en EEG. En segundo lugar, se introduce una estrategia de regularización basada en kernels y la red neuronal EEGNet (KREEGNet). KREEGNet se construye a base del método de alineamiento de kernel centralizado y la conectividad funcional gaussiana, abordando el desafío de la variabilidad intrasujeto y la falta de interpretabilidad espacial en arquitecturas de aprendizaje profundo. Esta novedosa arquitectura (KREEGNet) incrusta una capa adicional a la arquitectura EEGNet que se construye a base del kernel gaussiano y se utiliza para estimar la conectividad funcional gaussiana. Posteriormente, la salida de esta capa se utiliza como entrada al regularizador basado en CKA . Los resultados experimentales en bases de datos públicas demuestran la superioridad de KREEGNet sobre EEGNet y otros métodos de vanguardia. Además, se lleva a cabo una interpretabilidad del modelo a nivel individual y grupal, utilizando métricas de rendimiendo para tareas de clasificación y conectividades funcionales relevantes. En conclusión, las metodologías propuestas en esta tesis contribuyen a mejorar la fiabilidad, interpretabilidad y rendimiento de los sistemas BCI basados en señales de EEG para tareas de MI. El enfoque SD-AR aborda efectivamente la eliminación de artefactos y mejora la calidad de las señales EEG, particularmente para sujetos con habilidades motoras deficientes. Por otro lado, KREEGNet demuestra mejoras notables en el rendimiento y proporciona interpretabilidad espacial, convirtiéndose en una alternativa prometedora para hacer interpretables sistemas BCI basados en modelos de aprendizaje profundo.spa
dc.description.curricularareaEléctrica, Electrónica, Automatización Y Telecomunicaciones.Sede Manizalesspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrialspa
dc.format.extentxxiv, 111 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86048
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizalesspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería y Arquitecturaspa
dc.publisher.placeManizales, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programManizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Maestría en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrialspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)spa
dc.subject.proposalBCIeng
dc.subject.proposalMIeng
dc.subject.proposalBrain-computer interfaceseng
dc.subject.proposalMotor Imageryeng
dc.subject.proposalEEGeng
dc.subject.proposalMulti-channel time serieseng
dc.subject.proposalElectroencephalogrameng
dc.subject.proposalFCeng
dc.subject.proposalFunctional connectivitieseng
dc.subject.proposalDeep learningeng
dc.subject.proposalMachine learningeng
dc.subject.proposalDLeng
dc.subject.proposalMLeng
dc.subject.proposalConectividades functionalesspa
dc.subject.proposalImaginación motoraspa
dc.subject.proposalInterfaces cerebro-computadoraspa
dc.subject.proposalAprendizaje automáticospa
dc.subject.proposalAprendizaje profundospa
dc.subject.proposalElectroencefalogramaspa
dc.subject.unescoAutomatizaciónspa
dc.subject.unescoAutomationeng
dc.titleA machine learning framework to support multi-channel time series classification in BCI systems with preserved interpretabilityeng
dc.title.translatedMetodología de aprendizaje automático para la clasificación interpretable de series de tiempo multicanal en sistemas BCI.spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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