Evaluación de la respuesta a la aplicación de riego deficitario controlado en cultivo de pera variedad triunfo de viena (pyrus communis l.)

Abstract

El propósito de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto que tiene la aplicación del riego deficitario controlado (RDC) en la etapa de crecimiento rápido del fruto sobre la producción y calidad en un cultivo de pera variedad Triunfo de Viena (Pyrus communis L.) de 16 años de edad, sometidos a tres tratamientos de riego. Un control (T1) donde las plantas eran regadas al 100% del requerimiento hídrico, con el proposito de garantizar unas condiciones ideales y dos tratamientos deficitarios T2 y T3 regados al 73% y 53% del requerimiento hídrico respectivamente, en el periodo de crecimiento rápido del fruto en el año 2012 al 2013 en el municipio de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca. Durante la aplicación del RDC se monitoreo el estado hídrico del suelo (mediante lecturas de la humedad volumétrica (

Abstract. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of the application of deficit irrigation (RDI) on the stage of rapid fruit growth and quality of production in a crop pear cv Triumph Vienna (Pyrus communis L.) 16 years age, underwent three irrigation treatments. A (T1) Control where plants were being irrigated to 100% of water requirement in order to ensure ideal conditions and two deficit treatments T2 and T3 irrigated to 73% and 53% of water requirement respectively, in the period of rapid growth fruit in 2012 and 2013 in the municipality of Sesquilé, Cundinamarca. During the application of the DRC soil water status monitoring (by means of readings of the volumetric moisture (θv) and the soil matric potential (Ψs)), the water status of the plant (by measures to stem potential (Ψt) and the parameters obtained from the construction of pressure-volume curves), fruit setting, fruit growth and loss. The results obtained in terms of production and quality parameters such as volume, % malic acid (TTA), ° Brix, maturity index (MI), firmness of endocarp and mesocarp, sphericity and fruit color showed no significant differences (p 0,05) between treatments, while quality parameters as medium fruit and weight moisture showed significant differences (p 0,05) in T2 and T3 compared to T1. Pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) did not perform osmotic and elastic adjustment, but significant differences (p 0,05) in the relative apoplastic water content (CRAa) was found, suggesting an adaptation mechanism that performs the plant, through a structural change in the cell Wall. While the respiration rate and accelerated production of ethylene in plants that were decreased irrigation sheet during storage, which confirmed a typical climacteric behavior species. Responding to the main objective of the thesis concluded that reducing irrigation depth to 52.85% of the water requirement in times of drought, production or quality of the crop in cultivation but does not affect allowing water savings of 47.15% water to apply at this stage of fruit growth where irrigation is required application.