Extracción e incorporación de micropartículas de bagazo de fique en un material espumado obtenido a partir de almidón de yuca

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dc.contributor.advisorSerna Cock, Liliana
dc.contributor.advisorSolanilla Duque, José Fernando
dc.contributor.authorParra Campos, Amanda
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-25T21:40:20Z
dc.date.available2021-05-25T21:40:20Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractLa acumulación indiscriminada de materiales de desecho de origen petroquímico, ha impulsado investigaciones que conllevan a obtener materiales amigables con el ambiente empleando materias primas renovables. La presente tesis tuvo como objetivo el establecimiento de las condiciones de proceso para la extracción de micropartículas de bagazo de fique y la evaluación del efecto de su incorporación en un material espumado obtenido a partir de almidón de yuca. La extracción de las micropartículas se realizó mediante un proceso de hidrólisis con ácido sulfúrico empleando bagazo de fique previamente acondicionado. Para determinar las condiciones del proceso, se corrió un diseño factorial 33 en el que se evaluó la concentración de ácido (5, 10 y 15%), la temperatura (70, 80 y 90°C) y el tiempo (3, 5 y 7h) de hidrólisis, obteniéndose efecto significativo sobre las propiedades morfológicas, químicas y térmicas destacándose grupos funcionales, morfología, color y temperaturas de degradación y fusión característicos de la celulosa, siendo 10%, 70°C y 7h las condiciones que permitieron obtener el menor tamaño de partícula. Para determinar el efecto de la incorporación de las micropartículas sobre las propiedades de las espumas, se evaluó un diseño unifactorial con cinco niveles de concentración de micropartículas (0,0; 0,5; 0,75; 1,0 y 1,25%) en la mezcla de obtención de espuma, encontrando efecto significativo en las propiedades de índice de expansión, densidad, compresibilidad y absorción de agua, siendo el tratamiento 0,75% el que presentó destacadas propiedades con respecto a los demás tratamientos. Lo cual indica que el bagazo de fique en concentraciones adecuadas tiene potencial de aprovechamiento en la producción y mejora de las propiedades de espumas a base de almidón.spa
dc.description.abstractThe indiscriminate accumulation of waste materials of petrochemical origin has prompted research that leads to obtaining environmentally friendly materials using renewable raw materials. The objective of this thesis was to establish the process conditions for the extraction of microparticles of fique bagasse and the evaluation of the effect of their incorporation in a foamed material obtained from cassava starch. The extraction of the microparticles was carried out by means of a hydrolysis process with sulfuric acid using previously conditioned fique bagasse. To determine the process conditions, a 33 factorial design was run in which the acid concentration (5, 10 and 15%), temperature (70, 80 and 90 ° C) and time (3, 5 and 7h) of hydrolysis, obtaining a significant effect on the morphological, chemical and thermal properties, highlighting functional groups, morphology, color and degradation and melting temperatures characteristic of cellulose, with 10%, 70 ° C and 7h being the conditions that allowed obtaining the smallest size of particle. To determine the effect of the incorporation of the microparticles on the properties of the foams, a unifactorial design was evaluated with five levels of concentration of microparticles (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25%) in the mixture for obtaining foam, finding a significant effect on the properties of expansion index, density, compressibility and water absorption, being the 0.75% treatment the one that presented outstanding properties with respect to the other treatments. This indicates that fique bagasse in adequate concentrations has potential for use in the production and improvement of the properties of starch-based foams.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMaestría en ingeniería Agroindustrialspa
dc.description.methodsLas metodologías para la obtención de espumas biodegradables con la incorporación de otros componentes que se utilizaron son: metodología desarrollada por Nakasone, Ikematsu y Kobayashi, Índice de expansión radial, densidad aparente, resistencia a la compresión e índice de amortiguación, absorción de agua, adsorción de agua.spa
dc.description.researchareaDesarrollo de empaques biodegradables a partir de biomoléculas de interés agroindustrialspa
dc.description.tableofcontentsResumen, lista de figuras, lista de tablas, introducción, planteamiento del problema, justificación, marco teórico, espuma termoplástica, polímeros naturales o de base biológica, almidón, almidón de yuca (Manihot esculenta), almidón termoplástico (TPS), fique, celulosa, estado del arte, extracción de celulosa a partir de diferentes residuos lignocelulósicos mediante hidrólisis ácida, obtención de espuma a partir de almidón con la incorporación de material lignocelulósico, obtención de espuma a base de almidón mediante extrusión, objetivos, objetivo general, objetivos específicos, hipótesis, materiales y métodos, determinación del efecto de la concentración de ácido, temperatura y tiempo de hidrólisis sobre las propiedades morfológicas, químicas y térmicas de micropartículas de bagazo de fique, adecuación del bagazo de fique, deslignificación y blanqueamiento, hidrólisis ácida del bagazo de fique, caracterización de las partículas de bagazo de fique, microscopia óptica de alta resolución (MOAR), espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), estimación del color, análisis termogravimétrico - TGA, calorimetría de Barrido Diferencial – DSC, diseño de experimentos, análisis estadístico, evaluación del efecto de la incorporación de micropartículas de bagazo de fique sobre las propiedades físicas, térmicas y químicas de un material espumado obtenido mediante proceso de extrusión a partir de almidón de yuca, obtención del material espumado, caracterización física y mecánica del material espumado, índice de expansión radial, densidad aparente, resistencia a la compresión e índice de amortiguación, absorción de agua, adsorción de agua, análisis termogravimétrico - TGA., calorimetría de Barrido Diferencial – DSC, diseño de experimentos, análisis estadístico, resultados y discusión, determinación del efecto de la concentración de ácido, temperatura y tiempo de hidrólisis sobre las propiedades morfológicas, químicas y térmicas de micropartículas de bagazo de fique, tamaños de partícula, espectroscopia FTIR, color, análisis térmico TGA y DSC, evaluación del efecto de la incorporación de micropartículas de bagazo de fique sobre las propiedades físicas, térmicas y químicas de material espumado obtenido mediante proceso de extrusión a partir de almidón de yuca, índice de expansión, densidad, índice de amortiguación y compresibilidad, adsorción de agua, absorción de agua, análisis temogravimétrico (TGA), calorimetría de Barrido Diferencial – DSC, espectroscopia FTIR, conclusiones y recomendaciones, conclusiones, recomendaciones, anexos.spa
dc.format.extent115 p.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79561
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmiraspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmiraspa
dc.publisher.departmentMaestría en Ingeniería Agroindustrialspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería y Administraciónspa
dc.publisher.placePalmira Valle del Caucaspa
dc.publisher.programPalmira - Ingeniería y Administración - Maestría en Ingeniería Agroindustrialspa
dc.relation.indexedN/Aspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2021spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocuriCelulosa
dc.subject.agrovocuriHidrólisis
dc.subject.agrovocuriExtrusión
dc.subject.proposalresiduo lignocelulósicospa
dc.subject.proposalhidrólisisspa
dc.subject.proposalcelulosaspa
dc.subject.proposalextrusiónspa
dc.subject.proposalmaterial compuestospa
dc.subject.unescoMaterial compuesto
dc.titleExtracción e incorporación de micropartículas de bagazo de fique en un material espumado obtenido a partir de almidón de yucaspa
dc.title.translatedExtraction and incorporation of fique bagasse microparticles in a foamed material obtained from cassava starcheng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.awardtitleProyecto INNOVACION Caucaspa
oaire.fundernameUniversidad del Caucaspa

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Maestría en Ingeniería Agroindustrial