Mecanismos geofísicos de formación de diaclasas columnares en rocas volcánicas: casos de estudio en Colombia

dc.contributor.advisorSanchez Aguilar, John Jairo
dc.contributor.authorCalderon Galindo, Camilo Ernesto
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-07T15:05:47Z
dc.date.available2021-10-07T15:05:47Z
dc.date.issued2021-09
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, mapas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractLa formación de patrones es una propiedad natural de los sistemas dinámicos no lineales, estos sistemas tienden a autoorganizarse en patrones espacio-temporales, cuyo estudio puede darnos una idea de la física subyacente. Las juntas columnares son uno de los ejemplos más fascinantes de patrones en la naturaleza. En todo el mundo existen innumerables ejemplos de macizos rocosos y depósitos con juntas organizadas en columnas y polígonos. Esta tesis presenta observaciones, tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas, de trece afloramientos de lavas con disyunción columnar en Colombia. La configuración de las articulaciones en estos macizos rocosos permitió identificar facies de columnatas y entablamentos, y al describir las características morfológicas que presentan las columnas, Se pudo inferir que el mecanismo de enfriamiento predominante en la formación de las columnas corresponde al enfriamiento asistido por fisuras. A partir de mediciones directas en campo y con procesamiento computacional de fotografías, se calcularon las variaciones relativas de los parámetros geométricos: longitud lateral, área promedio y ángulo interno; para establecer las relaciones entre el grado de regularidad o desorden, y la falta de homogeneidad de los tamaños, y se relacionaron con el grado de madurez de evolución de los patrones. Se estableció que la relación entre el tamaño medio de la racha y la longitud media de los lados de las columnas para los datos en los afloramientos en Colombia está entre el 5% y el 20%, lo que concuerda con los resultados de estudios previos y de experimentos y modelos controlados análogos en mezclas de almidón. Se encontró que los números de Péclet para los datos están en el rango 0.28-0.41. Para las facies de columnatas, la composición química total de la roca (contenido de SiO 2) muestra una correlación positiva con la longitud lateral de las columnas. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractThe formation of patterns is a natural property of non-linear dynamic systems, these systems tend to self-organization in space-time patterns, the study of which can give us an idea of the underlying physics. Columnar joints are one of the most fascinating examples of patterns in nature. Around the world there are countless examples of rock masses and deposits with joints organized in columns and polygons. This thesis presents observations, both qualitative and quantitative, of thirteen outcrops of lavas with columnar disjunction in Colombia. The configuration of the joints in these rocky massifs allowed the identification of colonnade and entablature facies, and by describing the morphological features that the columns present, it was possible to infer that the predominant cooling mechanism in the formation of the columns corresponds to cooling assisted by cracks. From direct measurements in the field and with computational processing of photographs, the relative variations of the geometric parameters were calculated: side length, average area, and internal angle; to establish the relationships between the degree of regularity or disorder, and inhomogeneity of the sizes, and were related to the degree of maturity of evolution of the patterns. It was established that the relationship between the mean streak size and the mean length of column sides for the data in the outcrops in Colombia is between 5% and 20%, which agrees with the results of previous studies and of Analogous controlled experiments and models in starch mixtures. It was found that the Péclet numbers for the data are in the range 0.28-0.41. For the colonnade facies, the total rock chemical composition (SiO2 content) shows a positive correlation with the side length of the columns.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Geofísicaspa
dc.description.notesIncluye anexosspa
dc.format.extentiii, 129 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80412
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Geocienciasspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Geofísicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc550 - Ciencias de la tierra::558 - Ciencias de la tierra de América del Surspa
dc.subject.lembRocas ígneasspa
dc.subject.lembIgneous rockseng
dc.subject.lembJoints (Geology)eng
dc.subject.lembDiaclasasspa
dc.subject.proposalDisyunción columnarspa
dc.subject.proposalNúmero de Pécletspa
dc.subject.proposalMadurez de patronesspa
dc.subject.proposalÍndice de hexagonalidadspa
dc.subject.proposalColumnar disjunctioneng
dc.subject.proposalPéclet numbereng
dc.subject.proposalPattern maturityeng
dc.subject.proposalHexagon indexeng
dc.subject.unescoVulcanologíaspa
dc.subject.unescoVolcanologyeng
dc.titleMecanismos geofísicos de formación de diaclasas columnares en rocas volcánicas: casos de estudio en Colombiaspa
dc.title.translatedGeophysical mechanisms of columnar joint formation in volcanic rocks: case studies in Colombiaeng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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