Producción de polihidroxialcanoatos a partir de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de agua residual y cultivos microbianos mixtos
| dc.contributor.advisor | Espinosa Hernández, Armando | spa |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Moreno Sarmiento, Nubia Carmenza | spa |
| dc.contributor.author | Espinosa Acosta, Eyder Andrés | spa |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup | Bioprocesos y Bioprospección | spa |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-21T21:35:30Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-21T21:35:30Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-12-05 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Los polihidroxialcanoatos o PHAs son bioplásticos biodegradables y biocompatibles de origen biológico, de gran interés en la industria como alternativa a los plásticos derivados de fuentes fósiles. No obstante, sus altos costos de producción han limitado su escalamiento industrial. Por ello, el uso de cultivos microbianos mixtos y efluentes de plantas de tratamiento representan una oportunidad de investigación a fin de lograr un proceso competitivo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las condiciones favorables de la producción de PHA a partir de cultivos microbianos mixtos y ácidos grasos volátiles mediante tres etapas principales: 1) fermentación acidogénica de corrientes de aguas residuales para generar ácidos grasos volátiles (AGVs), 2) selección y enriquecimiento de biomasa con capacidad de acumular PHA y 3) acumulación de PHA mediante la biomasa previamente seleccionada. Adicionalmente, se estudió la extracción y purificación, así como la simulación del proceso. Los cultivos mixtos seleccionados mediante 10 pulsos de 500 AGVs mgDQO/L y 3 días de ciclo acumularon hasta 71.3 mgPHA/L. El análisis molecular indicó la presencia de especies como Alcaligenes sp., Paracoccus sp., Diaphorobacter sp., Denitrobacter sp. y Kaistia sp. Por otra parte, se obtuvo un rendimiento de YPHA/AGV 0.28 gDQO/gDQO durante los ensayos a escala piloto. Posteriormente, la lisis con SDS (18% m/v), extracción con ácido acético glacial (15 mL/g) y purificación con metanol frío alcanzaron hasta un 54.6% de recuperación. Finalmente, durante la simulación del proceso los resultados indicaron potencial económico al usar cultivos microbianos mixtos, cuyo costo unitario se redujo hasta 10.2 USD/kg en comparación con 22.5 USD/kg para PHA producido con cepas puras. Paralelamente, se evidenció una disminución entre el 15 y el 70% de los impactos ambientales al usar lodos provenientes de agua residual como materia prima. Si bien los bajos rendimientos limitan el escalado, los resultados confirman el potencial de emplear lodos residuales y cultivos microbianos mixtos para la producción de bioplásticos tipo PHA. (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastics of biological origin, of great interest in industry as an alternative to plastics derived from fossil sources. However, their high production costs have limited industrial scaling. Therefore, the use of mixed microbial cultures and effluents from wastewater treatment plants represents a research opportunity to achieve a competitive process. The present work aimed to determine the favorable conditions for PHA production from mixed microbial cultures and volatile fatty acids through three main stages: 1) acidogenic fermentation of wastewater streams to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs), 2) selection and enrichment of mixed microbial cultures with the capacity to accumulate PHA, and 3) PHA accumulation by the previously selected biomass. Additionally, extraction, purification, and process simulation were studied. Mixed cultures subjected to 10 pulses of 500 VFAs mgCOD/L and 3-day cycles accumulated up to 71.3 mgPHA/L. Molecular analysis indicated the presence of species such as Alcaligenes sp., Paracoccus sp., Diaphorobacter sp., Denitrobacter sp., and Kaistia sp. Furthermore, a yield of YPHA/AGV 0.28 gCOD/gCOD was obtained during pilot scale assays. Subsequently, lysis with SDS (18% w/v), extraction with glacial acetic acid (15 mL/g), and purification with cold methanol reached up to 54.6% recovery. Finally, during process simulation the results indicated economic potential when using mixed microbial cultures, with the unit cost reduced to 10.2 USD/kg compared to 22.5 USD/kg for PHA produced with pure strains. At the same time, a decrease between 15-70% in environmental impacts was observed when using wastewater sludge as raw material. Although low yields limit scaling, the results confirm the potential of employing residual sludge from treatment plants and mixed microbial cultures for the production of PHA-type bioplastics. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química | spa |
| dc.description.researcharea | Biotecnología | spa |
| dc.format.extent | xv, 118 páginas | spa |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89291 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | spa |
| dc.publisher.department | Instituto de Biotecnología UNAL (IBUN) | spa |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería | spa |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | spa |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Química | spa |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrosavia | spa |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrovoc | spa |
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| dc.relation.references | Wang P, Qiu Y. Q, Chen X. T, Liang X. F, Ren L. H (2019) Metabolomic insights into polyhydroxyalkanoates production by halophilic bacteria with acetic acid as carbon source. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 83: 1955 1963. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2019.1630252 | |
| dc.relation.references | Wang X, Oehmen A, Freitas E. B, Carvalho G, Reis M. A (2017) The link of feast-PHAse dissolved oxygen (DO) with substrate competition and microbial selection in PHA production. Water Research. 112: 269–278. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.064 | |
| dc.relation.references | Wen Q, Chen Z, Tian T, Chen W (2010) Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen limitation on PHA production in activated sludge. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 22: 1602–1607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60295-3 | |
| dc.relation.references | Werker A, Lorini L, Villano M, Valentino F, Majone M (2022) Modelling mixed microbial culture polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation bioprocess towards novel methods for polymer production using dilute volatile fatty acid rich feedstocks. Bioengineering. 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030125 | |
| dc.relation.references | Wijeyekoon S, Carere C. R, West M, Nath S, Gapes D (2018) Mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis from nutrient rich wet oxidation liquors. Water Research. 140: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.017 | |
| dc.relation.references | Yoon J. S, Kim J. Y, Rhee Y. H (1995) Effects of amino acid addition on molar fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate in co polyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate synthesized by Alcaligenes sp. SH-69. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering. 80: 350–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0922-338X(95)94203-4 | |
| dc.relation.references | Zhou W, Bergsma S, Colpa D. I, Euverink G.-J. W, Krooneman J (2023) Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) synthesis and degradation by microbes and applications towards a circular economy. Journal of Environmental Management. 341: 118033. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118033 | |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Lodo residual | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | sewage sludge | eng |
| dc.subject.ddc | 660 - Ingeniería química | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Polihidroxialcanoatos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Cultivos microbianos mixtos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Ácidos grasos volátiles | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Enriquecimiento microbiano | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Festín/hambruna | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Polyhydroxyalkanoates | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mixed microbial cultures | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Microbial enrichment | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Feast/famine | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Mixed microbial cultures | eng |
| dc.subject.wikidata | bioplástico | spa |
| dc.subject.wikidata | bioplastic | eng |
| dc.subject.wikidata | química industrial | spa |
| dc.subject.wikidata | industrial chemistry | eng |
| dc.title | Producción de polihidroxialcanoatos a partir de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de agua residual y cultivos microbianos mixtos | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from sludge from wastewater treatment plants and mixed microbial cultures | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | spa |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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