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Producción de polihidroxialcanoatos a partir de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de agua residual y cultivos microbianos mixtos

dc.contributor.advisorEspinosa Hernández, Armandospa
dc.contributor.advisorMoreno Sarmiento, Nubia Carmenzaspa
dc.contributor.authorEspinosa Acosta, Eyder Andrésspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioprocesos y Bioprospecciónspa
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-21T21:35:30Z
dc.date.available2026-01-21T21:35:30Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-05
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLos polihidroxialcanoatos o PHAs son bioplásticos biodegradables y biocompatibles de origen biológico, de gran interés en la industria como alternativa a los plásticos derivados de fuentes fósiles. No obstante, sus altos costos de producción han limitado su escalamiento industrial. Por ello, el uso de cultivos microbianos mixtos y efluentes de plantas de tratamiento representan una oportunidad de investigación a fin de lograr un proceso competitivo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las condiciones favorables de la producción de PHA a partir de cultivos microbianos mixtos y ácidos grasos volátiles mediante tres etapas principales: 1) fermentación acidogénica de corrientes de aguas residuales para generar ácidos grasos volátiles (AGVs), 2) selección y enriquecimiento de biomasa con capacidad de acumular PHA y 3) acumulación de PHA mediante la biomasa previamente seleccionada. Adicionalmente, se estudió la extracción y purificación, así como la simulación del proceso. Los cultivos mixtos seleccionados mediante 10 pulsos de 500 AGVs mgDQO/L y 3 días de ciclo acumularon hasta 71.3 mgPHA/L. El análisis molecular indicó la presencia de especies como Alcaligenes sp., Paracoccus sp., Diaphorobacter sp., Denitrobacter sp. y Kaistia sp. Por otra parte, se obtuvo un rendimiento de YPHA/AGV 0.28 gDQO/gDQO durante los ensayos a escala piloto. Posteriormente, la lisis con SDS (18% m/v), extracción con ácido acético glacial (15 mL/g) y purificación con metanol frío alcanzaron hasta un 54.6% de recuperación. Finalmente, durante la simulación del proceso los resultados indicaron potencial económico al usar cultivos microbianos mixtos, cuyo costo unitario se redujo hasta 10.2 USD/kg en comparación con 22.5 USD/kg para PHA producido con cepas puras. Paralelamente, se evidenció una disminución entre el 15 y el 70% de los impactos ambientales al usar lodos provenientes de agua residual como materia prima. Si bien los bajos rendimientos limitan el escalado, los resultados confirman el potencial de emplear lodos residuales y cultivos microbianos mixtos para la producción de bioplásticos tipo PHA. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible bioplastics of biological origin, of great interest in industry as an alternative to plastics derived from fossil sources. However, their high production costs have limited industrial scaling. Therefore, the use of mixed microbial cultures and effluents from wastewater treatment plants represents a research opportunity to achieve a competitive process. The present work aimed to determine the favorable conditions for PHA production from mixed microbial cultures and volatile fatty acids through three main stages: 1) acidogenic fermentation of wastewater streams to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs), 2) selection and enrichment of mixed microbial cultures with the capacity to accumulate PHA, and 3) PHA accumulation by the previously selected biomass. Additionally, extraction, purification, and process simulation were studied. Mixed cultures subjected to 10 pulses of 500 VFAs mgCOD/L and 3-day cycles accumulated up to 71.3 mgPHA/L. Molecular analysis indicated the presence of species such as Alcaligenes sp., Paracoccus sp., Diaphorobacter sp., Denitrobacter sp., and Kaistia sp. Furthermore, a yield of YPHA/AGV 0.28 gCOD/gCOD was obtained during pilot scale assays. Subsequently, lysis with SDS (18% w/v), extraction with glacial acetic acid (15 mL/g), and purification with cold methanol reached up to 54.6% recovery. Finally, during process simulation the results indicated economic potential when using mixed microbial cultures, with the unit cost reduced to 10.2 USD/kg compared to 22.5 USD/kg for PHA produced with pure strains. At the same time, a decrease between 15-70% in environmental impacts was observed when using wastewater sludge as raw material. Although low yields limit scaling, the results confirm the potential of employing residual sludge from treatment plants and mixed microbial cultures for the production of PHA-type bioplastics.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaBiotecnologíaspa
dc.format.extentxv, 118 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89291
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Biotecnología UNAL (IBUN)spa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Químicaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrosaviaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrovocspa
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dc.relation.referencesZhou W, Bergsma S, Colpa D. I, Euverink G.-J. W, Krooneman J (2023) Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) synthesis and degradation by microbes and applications towards a circular economy. Journal of Environmental Management. 341: 118033. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118033
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject.agrovocLodo residualspa
dc.subject.agrovocsewage sludgeeng
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería químicaspa
dc.subject.proposalPolihidroxialcanoatosspa
dc.subject.proposalCultivos microbianos mixtosspa
dc.subject.proposalÁcidos grasos volátilesspa
dc.subject.proposalEnriquecimiento microbianospa
dc.subject.proposalFestín/hambrunaspa
dc.subject.proposalPolyhydroxyalkanoateseng
dc.subject.proposalMixed microbial cultureseng
dc.subject.proposalMicrobial enrichmenteng
dc.subject.proposalFeast/famineeng
dc.subject.proposalMixed microbial cultureseng
dc.subject.wikidatabioplásticospa
dc.subject.wikidatabioplasticeng
dc.subject.wikidataquímica industrialspa
dc.subject.wikidataindustrial chemistryeng
dc.titleProducción de polihidroxialcanoatos a partir de lodos provenientes de plantas de tratamiento de agua residual y cultivos microbianos mixtosspa
dc.title.translatedProduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from sludge from wastewater treatment plants and mixed microbial cultureseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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