Development of a Colombian starch based Starbon® type material for its use as catalyst in fatty acid esterification

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dc.contributor.advisorOrjuela Londoño, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorZabala Vásquez, Milena Alexandra
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Procesos Químicos y Bioquímicosspa
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-03T15:57:56Z
dc.date.available2024-07-03T15:57:56Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractMesoporous materials are attractive supporting structures for heterogeneous catalysis as they facilitate access and mobility of large molecules, thus improving yields in a variety of chemical reactions. Among different materials, Starbon® materials are mesoporous carbons which can be advantageously synthesized from biobased sources, be further acid-activated to be used as catalysts in esterification reactions. Conventionally, Starbons® are produced using a high-amylose-content starch, which guarantees a high mesopore volume due to the arrangement of amylose molecules during the synthesis process. Looking for the valorisation of waste streams and low-cost raw materials, the use of starch derived from common roots and tubers needs to be studied. According to Colombian National Planning Department, nearly 5 Mton of roots and tubers are produced in the country, nevertheless, nearly 30% are discarded during production stages as they do not meet quality standards. In this regard, this work focused on understanding and optimizing the surface properties of Starbon® materials derived from cassava starch for its subsequent use as catalyst in long-chain esterification reactions. The synthesis of Starbon materials involves gelatinization, retrogradation, solvent exchange and carbonization steps, which conditions were assessed, firstly by an exploratory analysis, and subsequently by a Factorial 32 and Box-Behnken experimental designs, taking surface area, pore volume and pore size as response variables. A method for the synthesis of cassava-derived Starbon was proposed. The obtained cassava-Starbon exhibited a surface area of 263 m2/g, with a mean pore diameter of 3.7 nm and a pore volume of 0.2cm3/g. Subsequently, the material was sulfonated and tested in the batch esterification of stearic acid with isopropyl alcohol, considering the growing market in fatty acid esters industry. Cassava-Starbon catalyst enabled slightly higher conversion and higher turn-over number (0.15 mol/s H+Eq) compared to widely used ion exchange resins.eng
dc.description.abstractEn la catálisis heterogénea, materiales mesoporosos son soportes atractivos al facilitan el acceso y la movilidad de moléculas de gran tamaño, mejorando así los rendimientos en diversas reacciones. Entre diferentes materiales, los materiales Starbon® son carbones mesoporosos que pueden sintetizarse ventajosamente a partir de fuentes biobasadas, y luego activarse con ácido para utilizarse como catalizadores en reacciones de esterificación. Convencionalmente, los Starbons® se producen utilizando almidón con alto contenido de amilosa, lo que garantiza un alto volumen de mesoporos debido a la disposición de las moléculas de amilosa durante el proceso de síntesis. En busca de la valorización de corrientes de residuales, es de interés estudiar el uso de almidón derivado de raíces y tubérculos comunes en la síntesis de estos materiales. Según el Departamento Nacional de Planeación de Colombia, se producen casi 5 millones de toneladas de raíces y tubérculos en el país, sin embargo, cerca del 30% se descartan durante las etapas de producción por no cumplir con los estándares de calidad. En este sentido, este trabajo se centró en comprender y optimizar las propiedades superficiales de los materiales Starbon® derivados del almidón de yuca para su uso posterior como catalizador en reacciones de esterificación de cadenas largas. La síntesis de los materiales Starbon implica gelatinización, retrogradación, intercambio de solventes y carbonización de los almidones. Estas condiciones fueron evaluadas para la síntesis empleando almidón de yuca, primero mediante un análisis exploratorio y luego mediante un diseño Factorial 32 y Box-Behnken, tomando la superficie, el volumen de poros y el tamaño de poros como variables de respuesta. De esta manera, fue posible proponer un método para la síntesis de Starbon derivado de yuca. El Starbon de yuca obtenido mostró una superficie de 263 m2/g, con un diámetro de poro promedio de 3.7 nm y un volumen de poro de 0.2cm3 /g. Este material fue sulfonado y probado en la esterificación batch de ácido esteárico con alcohol isopropílico, considerando el creciente mercado en la industria de ésteres de ácidos grasos. El catalizador Starbon de yuca permitió una conversión ligeramente superior y un TOF más Resumen and abstract XI alto (0.15 mol/s H+Eq) en comparación con las resinas de intercambio iónico ampliamente utilizadas (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaProcesos catalíticos y petroquímicosspa
dc.format.extentxxi, 116 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/86374
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingenieríaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Químicaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::541 - Química físicaspa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentosspa
dc.subject.lccMesoporous materialseng
dc.subject.lccMateriales mesoporososspa
dc.subject.lccCatalystseng
dc.subject.lccCatalizadoresspa
dc.subject.lccStarcheng
dc.subject.lccAlmidónspa
dc.subject.lccTuberseng
dc.subject.lccTubérculosspa
dc.subject.proposalCarboneng
dc.subject.proposalCatalysteng
dc.subject.proposalCassava starcheng
dc.subject.proposalEsterificationeng
dc.subject.proposalMesoporouseng
dc.subject.proposalPorosityeng
dc.subject.proposalStarboneng
dc.subject.proposalCarbónspa
dc.subject.proposalCatalizadorspa
dc.subject.proposalAlmidón de yucaspa
dc.subject.proposalEsterificaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalMesoporosospa
dc.subject.proposalPorosidadspa
dc.subject.proposalStarbonspa
dc.titleDevelopment of a Colombian starch based Starbon® type material for its use as catalyst in fatty acid esterificationeng
dc.title.translatedDesarrollo de un material tipo Starbon® a partir de almidón de origen colombiano para su uso como catalizador en esterificación de ácidos grasosspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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