Búsqueda de agentes fitosanitarios para el control de enfermedades fúngicas del cultivo del aguacate a partir de hongos endófitos asociados al mismo

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dc.contributor.advisorÁvila Murillo, Mónica Constanzaspa
dc.contributor.authorRobayo Medina, Angie Tatianaspa
dc.contributor.cvlacRobayo-Medina, Angie T. [https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001431123]spa
dc.contributor.orcidRobayo-Medina, Angie T. [0000-0002-7583-3774]spa
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Investigación en Química de Productos Naturales Vegetales Bioactivos (Quipronab)spa
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-29T20:59:34Z
dc.date.available2025-07-29T20:59:34Z
dc.date.issued2025-07-27
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasspa
dc.description.abstractLos hongos endófitos son una fuente prometedora de compuestos bioactivos diversos y estructuralmente novedosos que inhiben el crecimiento de una amplia variedad de microorganismos responsables de enfermedades en humanos y cultivos de importancia comercial. En esta investigación, se obtuvieron 88 hongos endófitos de hojas y raíces sanas de aguacate criollo, así como 6 aislamientos fúngicos a partir de raíces secundarias de árboles de aguacate criollo con síntomas de pudrición radicular. A través de ensayos de actividad antifúngica in vitro en combinación con análisis metabolómicos basados en cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (LC-HRMS) y resonancia magnética nuclear (NMR), se seleccionó un aislamiento endofítico capaz de producir compuestos antifúngicos contra los fitopatógenos Fusarium solani y Fusarium equiseti. Los compuestos citocalasina H (1), citocalasina H1 (2), dicerandrol B (4) y ácido 2-(2-hidroxipropanamido) benzoico (5), previamente descritos en otros endófitos, junto con el compuesto 18-epi-citocalasina H (3), por primera vez reportado, fueron aislados mediante seguimiento orientado por 1H-NMR y fraccionamiento bioguiado del extracto orgánico del cultivo de Diaporthe sp UN310 en caldo levadura- glucosa. El análisis estadístico multivariado permitió identificar las características (m/z, δH) estadísticamente significativas relacionadas con la actividad antifúngica, muchas de las cuales corresponden a la citocalasina H (1), y a otros compuestos relacionados estructuralmente, los cuales fueron determinados en el extracto crudo. Los compuestos 1 y 3 mostraron la mejor actividad antifúngica sobre los patógenos de Fusarium spp., con concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias (CMI) de 50.7 μM. Se concluye que la metabolómica no dirigida demostró ser una herramienta confiable para la bioprospección de hongos endófitos y a través de esta, se comprueba que los aislamientos del género Diaporthe son capaces de producir metabolitos bioactivos que pueden ser una opción para el control de patógenos del aguacate. (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractFungal endophytes are promising sources of diverse and structurally novel bioactive compounds. They can produce metabolites that inhibit the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms which are responsible for human and crop diseases. In this study, 88 fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy Antillean avocado leaves and roots, and 6 fungal strains were isolated from secondary roots of Antillean avocado trees with root rot symptoms. In vitro antifungal assays in combination with metabolomic analyses based on liquid chromatography- high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to select an endophytic fungal strain able to produce antifungal compounds against Fusarium solani and Fusarium equiseti phytopathogens. The compounds cytochalasin H (1), cytochalasin H1 (2), dicerandrol B (4) and 2-(2-hydroxypropanamido) benzoic acid (5), previously reported from other endophytes, and 18-epi-cytochalsin-1 (3) reported for the first time, were isolated through 1H-NMR follow up and a bioassay-guided fractionation, from the organic extract of a glucose-yeast extract broth culture of Diaporthe sp. UN310. The multivariate data analysis (MVDA) allowed us to identify statistically significant features (m/z, δH) correlated with the antifungal activity, and many of them correspond to cytochalasin H (1) and to other cytochalasin like compounds determined in the crude extract. Compounds 1 and 3 displayed the best antifungal activities against the Fusarium pathogens mentioned above, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50.7 μM. The untargeted metabolomics approach proved to be a reliable tool for bioprospecting fungal endophytes and as a result, Diaporthe isolates demonstrated to be able to produce bioactive metabolites that could be used in biocontrol of avocado pathogens.eng
dc.description.degreelevelDoctoradospa
dc.description.degreenameDoctor en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.description.researchareaBioprospección de productos naturales fúngicosspa
dc.description.sponsorshipFacultad de Ciencias- Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Sede Bogotá (HERMES: 50092).spa
dc.description.sponsorshipDirección de Investigación y Extensión-Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Sede Bogotá (HERMES: 48477; HERMES: 51310).spa
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Proyecto: 46789).spa
dc.format.extentxxv, 211 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88394
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Químicaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Doctorado en Ciencias - Químicaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrosaviaspa
dc.relation.indexedAgrovocspa
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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocEndofitaspa
dc.subject.agrovocendophyteseng
dc.subject.agrovocEnfermedad de las plantasspa
dc.subject.agrovocplant diseaseseng
dc.subject.agrovocAguacatespa
dc.subject.agrovocavocadoseng
dc.subject.ddc540 - Química y ciencias afines::547 - Química orgánicaspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::635 - Cultivos hortícolas (Horticultura)spa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::577 - Ecologíaspa
dc.subject.proposalPersea americanalat
dc.subject.proposalDiaporthe sp.lat
dc.subject.proposalFusarium solanilat
dc.subject.proposalFusarium equisetilat
dc.subject.proposalMetabolómicaspa
dc.subject.proposalMetabolomicseng
dc.subject.proposalAnálisis estadístico multivariadospa
dc.subject.proposalMultivariate Data Analysiseng
dc.subject.proposalDescubrimiento de biomarcadoresspa
dc.subject.proposalBiomarker discoveryeng
dc.titleBúsqueda de agentes fitosanitarios para el control de enfermedades fúngicas del cultivo del aguacate a partir de hongos endófitos asociados al mismospa
dc.title.translatedPhytosanitary agents for the control of fungal diseases in avocado crops from associated endophytic fungieng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctoradospa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
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