Método para identificar variantes del ADN mitocondrial humano secuenciado por la plataforma Nanopore en comparación con Illumina

dc.contributor.advisorBermúdez Santana, Clara Isabel
dc.contributor.advisorMuñoz Bolaños, Angela Johanna
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Garay, Diana Katherinne
dc.contributor.cvlacGarcía Garay, Diana Katherinne [0001697035]
dc.contributor.orcidGarcía Garay, Diana Katherinne [0000000161937807]
dc.contributor.researchgroupRnomica Teórica y Computacional
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-16T12:52:22Z
dc.date.available2026-02-16T12:52:22Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionIlustraciones
dc.description.abstractLa secuenciación del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) es fundamental para el diagnóstico molecular y el estudio de la diversidad genética. En este trabajo se desarrolló y evaluó un método bioinformático para identificar variantes en ADNmt humano secuenciado mediante plataformas Oxford Nanopore Technologies® (ONT) e Illumina, Inc.®. Se analizaron cinco muestras independientes de ADNmt, considerando réplicas técnicas para ONT, y se aplicaron múltiples combinaciones de alineadores (Minimap2, NGMLR, Winnowmap2) y llamadores de variantes (Mutect2, Medaka, Mutserve2, Clair3). Las métricas comparadas incluyeron calidad de lectura, profundidad de cobertura, detección de heteroplasmia y concordancia entre plataformas. ONT alcanzó coberturas ≥200×, con valores modales de calidad Q20–Q30, mientras que Illumina mostró coberturas superiores a 1000× y calidad ≥Q30. A nivel de variantes, ambas plataformas coincidieron en más del 90% de los SNVs tras filtrado, con un índice de concordancia de Jaccard promedio de 0.85–0.95. Illumina presentó mayor sensibilidad para heteroplasmias bajas (≥3–5%), mientras que ONT fue robusto para heteroplasmias ≥10% y permitió detectar variantes estructurales y deleciones. Entre los pipelines probados, la combinación Minimap2–Clair3 mostró el mejor equilibrio entre precisión, sensibilidad y reproducibilidad en ONT. Se concluye que, aunque Illumina mantiene ventaja en variantes de baja frecuencia, ONT constituye una alternativa competitiva y complementaria, ofreciendo además lecturas largas y análisis en tiempo real. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing plays a crucial role in molecular diagnostics and population genetics. In this study, we developed and evaluated a bioinformatic pipeline to identify mtDNA variants using Oxford Nanopore Technologies® (ONT) e Illumina, Inc.® platforms. Five independent human mtDNA samples were analyzed, with technical replicates for ONT, and multiple aligner–caller combinations were tested (Minimap2, NGMLR, Winnowmap2; Mutect2, Medaka, Mutserve2, Clair3). Key metrics included read quality, coverage depth, heteroplasmy detection, and cross-platform concordance. ONT achieved ≥200× depth with modal base quality Q20–Q30, while Illumina reached >1000× depth and base quality ≥Q30. Variant comparison showed >90% concordance of SNVs after filtering, with an average Jaccard index of 0.85–0.95. Illumina demonstrated higher sensitivity for low heteroplasmy levels (≥3–5%), whereas ONT was consistent for heteroplasmy ≥10% and uniquely enabled structural variant and deletion detection. Among tested pipelines, the Minimap2–Clair3 combination provided the best balance of accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility for ONT data. We conclude that although Illumina retains an advantage in detecting low-frequency variants, ONT represents a competitive and complementary approach, adding the benefits of long reads and real-time sequencing capabilities.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Bioinformática
dc.description.researchareaBioinformática funcional y estructural
dc.description.technicalinfoLos datos utilizados y procesados para el desarrollo de este trabajo vinieron derivados de secuenciación Nanopore e Illumina. Para su posterior análisis bioinformático se utilizaron varias herramientas que incluyeron: Dorado (Basecalling); Nanofilt y Cutadap (Filtrado); Minimap2, NGMLR, Winnowmap2 y BWA-MEM (alineamiento); Mutect2, Mutserve, Medaka y Clair3 (llamado de variantes), así como el software estadístico R para los análisis estadísticos pertinentes.spa
dc.format.extentxviii, 168 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89549
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Bioinformática
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::004 - Procesamiento de datos Ciencia de los computadores
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evolución
dc.subject.decsADN Mitocondrialspa
dc.subject.decsDNA, Mitochondrialeng
dc.subject.decsSecuenciación de Nanoporosspa
dc.subject.decsNanopore Sequencingeng
dc.subject.decsSecuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimientospa
dc.subject.decsHigh-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencingeng
dc.subject.decsBiología Computacionalspa
dc.subject.decsComputational Biologyeng
dc.subject.decsSecuenciación de Nanoporosesp
dc.subject.proposalADN mitocondrialspa
dc.subject.proposalSecuenciación Nanoporespa
dc.subject.proposalIlluminaspa
dc.subject.proposalHeteroplasmiaspa
dc.subject.proposalLlamado de variantesspa
dc.subject.proposalBioinformáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalMitochondrial DNAeng
dc.subject.proposalNanopore sequencingeng
dc.subject.proposalHeteroplasmyeng
dc.subject.proposalVariant callingeng
dc.subject.proposalBioinformaticseng
dc.titleMétodo para identificar variantes del ADN mitocondrial humano secuenciado por la plataforma Nanopore en comparación con Illuminaspa
dc.title.translatedMethod to Identify Human Mitochondrial DNA Variants Sequenced with Nanopore and Illumina Platformseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentReceptores de fondos federales y solicitantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticos
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEspecializada
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

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