Estatus fitosanitario y dinámicas espaciotemporales de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus agente etiológico del HLB y su vector en Colombia
| dc.contributor.advisor | Díaz Niño, María Fernanda | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ramírez Gil, Joaquin Guillermo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Castro Susa, Alejandra | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Castro Susa, Alejandra [0009000563901441] | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Díaz Niño, María Fernanda [0000000195885144] | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Ramírez Gil, Joaquín Guillermo [0000000284779773] | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Cortes Quiceno, Manuel Alejandro [0000000280308624] | |
| dc.contributor.subjectmatterexpert | Cortes Quiceno, Manuel Alejandro | |
| dc.coverage.country | Colombia | |
| dc.coverage.tgn | http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000050 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-13T16:59:15Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-13T16:59:15Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografías, tablas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas), agente causal del Huanglongbing (HLB), considerada la enfermedad más devastadora de los cítricos en el mundo, fue detectada por primera vez en Colombia en el año 2016. Su vector en nuestro territorio es Diaphorina citri, conocido como el psílido asiático de los cítricos. El carácter sistémico de esta bacteria, así como su prolongado periodo de incubación limitan las acciones encaminadas a su erradicación puesto que no es posible determinar cuando ocurrió la primera infección, ni la cantidad de plantas infectadas en un momento específico. Por lo que ha, sido fundamental la implementación de medidas fitosanitarias para minimizar el riesgo de dispersión. En Colombia, el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), como entidad encargada de gestionar el riesgo sanitario y fitosanitario de plagas de interés cuarentenario en animales y vegetales, implementó un programa de Vigilancia Específica desde el año 2008, con el fin de monitorear, prevenir y controlar brotes de la enfermedad en el territorio nacional, a partir de visitas de monitoreo y toma de muestras de material vegetal y entomológico para análisis diagnósticos. Como resultado de la vigilancia, se cuenta con un repositorio de información con el cual se ha establecido la presencia confirmada de la bacteria a partir de material vegetal, en 11 departamentos del país. Luego de ocho años del primer reporte positivo, la progresión de la infección ocasionada por la bacteria ha sido diferente en comparación con lo observado en otras latitudes. No obstante, se evidencia un proceso de dispersión activo que podría tener implicaciones fitosanitarias a futuro. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue analizar la dispersión de CaLas en Colombia por medio de la consolidación de la condición fitosanitaria actual y el establecimiento de la dinámica espacio-temporal para el patógeno y su insecto vector. La metodología se llevó a cabo mediante la compilación de los registros históricos de la vigilancia fitosanitaria realizada por el ICA, para el desarrollo de análisis descriptivos de ciencia de datos y una exploración inicial al uso de herramientas de epidemiología digital. Posteriormente, a través de la herramienta MaxEnt, se desarrollaron modelos de distribución de especies para el patógeno y su vector, y finalmente se implementó un modelo de permutaciones espacio-temporales por medio de la herramienta SaTScan, con el fin de conocer y analizar los patrones de dispersión de CaLas en el tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron conocer el estatus fitosanitario de CaLas en el país, así como la identificación de conglomerados espaciales de tipo hotspots, evidenciando patrones de agrupamiento asociados a su dispersión. Estos hallazgos permitirán optimizar las estrategias de vigilancia en zonas citrícolas en las cuales aún no se encuentra la bacteria, y contribuirán a determinar el riesgo potencial de su impacto en la citricultura colombiana. (Texto tomado de la fuente) | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | The bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus CaLas, the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), regarded as the most devastating Citrus disease worldwide, was first detected in Colombia in 2016. Its vector in the country is Diaphorina citri, commonly known as the Asian Citrus psyllid. The systemic nature of this bacterium, along with its prolonged incubation period, limits eradication efforts, as it is not possible to determine when the initial infection occurred or the number of plants infected at a given time. Consequently, the implementation of phytosanitary measures to minimize the risk of spread has been essential. In Colombia, the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), the national authority responsible for managing sanitary and phytosanitary risks of quarantine pests in plants and animals, has implemented a Specific Surveillance Program since 2008, aimed at monitoring, preventing, and controlling outbreaks of the disease nationwide. This program includes monitoring visits and the collection of plant and entomological samples for diagnostic analysis. As a result of this surveillance, a repository of information has been established, confirming the presence of the bacterium in plant material from 11 departments across the country. Eight years after the first positive report, the progression of the infection has differed from that observed in other regions; nevertheless, evidence indicates an active dispersal process with potential phytosanitary implications in the future. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to analyze the dispersal of CaLas in Colombia by consolidating the current phytosanitary status and establishing the spatiotemporal dynamics of both the pathogen and its insect vector. The methodology involved compiling historical records from ICA’s phytosanitary surveillance program to conduct descriptive data science analyses and an initial exploration of digital epidemiology tools. Subsequently, species distribution models for the pathogen and its vector were developed using the MaxEnt algorithm. Finally, a spatiotemporal permutation model was applied using the SaTScan software to detect and analyze the dispersal patterns of CaLas over time. The results allowed for the characterization of CaLas phytosanitary status in Colombia, as well as the identification of spatial clusters (hotspots) that revealed aggregation patterns linked to its spread. These findings will support the optimization of surveillance strategies in Citrus-growing regions where the bacterium has not yet been detected and will contribute to assessing the potential risk of its impact on Colombian citriculture. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ciencias Agrarias | |
| dc.description.notes | El Consejo Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias sede Bogotá, mediante acta Número 26 del 15 de diciembre de 2025. Resolución 321 del 15 de diciembre de 2025. Concede la distinción MERITORIA a este documento | spa |
| dc.description.researcharea | Fitopatología: modelación epidemiológica | |
| dc.description.technicalinfo | MaxEnt: determinación del nicho ecológico del patosistema HLB. | spa |
| dc.description.technicalinfo | SaTScan: detección de conglomerados espacio-temporales de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. | spa |
| dc.format.extent | xvii, 130 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89543 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias | |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Geomática | |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrosavia | |
| dc.relation.indexed | Agrovoc | |
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| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Huanglongbing de los cítricos | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | huanglongbing | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Control de plagas | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | pest control | eng |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | Sanidad vegetal | spa |
| dc.subject.agrovoc | plant health | eng |
| dc.subject.ddc | 630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas | spa |
| dc.subject.ddc | 580 - Plantas | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Diaphorina citri | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | MaxEnt | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Modelos de distribución de especies | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Permutaciones espacio-temporales | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | SaTScan | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Vigilancia | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Species distribution models | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Spatiotemporal permutations | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Surveillance | eng |
| dc.title | Estatus fitosanitario y dinámicas espaciotemporales de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus agente etiológico del HLB y su vector en Colombia | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Phytosanitary status and spatiotemporal dynamics of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the etiological agent of HLB, and its vector in Colombia | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Responsables políticos | |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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