Influencia del tamo y bioinoculantes como estrategia de fertilización compuesta, y su efecto en el microbioma bacteriano y arqueal de tres suelos arroceros del Tolima un enfoque metagenómico.

dc.contributor.advisorGarcía Romero, Ibonne Aydee
dc.contributor.advisorPinzón Velasco, Andrés Mauricio
dc.contributor.authorMerchán Triana, Luis David
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioprocesos y Bioprospección
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-23T15:31:44Z
dc.date.available2026-01-23T15:31:44Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, fotografías, graficos, mapasspa
dc.description.abstractLa producción de arroz a nivel mundial desempeña un papel fundamental en términos de seguridad alimentaria, economía global y sostenibilidad ambiental. En Colombia, el arroz es un producto que también influye en esos tres pilares fundamentales, siendo el departamento del Tolima uno de los principales productores por el número de hectáreas cosechadas. Sin embargo, tras la recolección del grano, los agricultores se enfrentan al desafío de gestionar los residuos post-cosecha, especialmente el tamo, cuya reutilización es limitada, su remoción mecánica implica costos adicionales y su quema genera impactos negativos en el medio ambiente, motivos que incentivan a identificar estrategias sostenibles que puedan ayudar a minimizar dicho impacto. Comprender la interacción de las comunidades bacterianas y arqueales, así como su potencial enzimático, dará un vistazo general de los procesos de degradación de carbohidratos, metabolismo de nitrógeno y producción y gases de efecto invernadero (GEIs). Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la incorporación de tamo y uso de bioinoculantes sobre las dinámicas de las poblaciones de microorganismos del suelo y la producción de gases de efecto invernadero. Para ello, se aplicaron tres tratamientos: incorporación de tamo degradado durante 15 días junto con la aplicación de bioinoculantes, incorporación de tamo degradado durante 30 días junto con la aplicación de bioinoculantes e incorporación de tamo sin degradar, aplicados en tres municipios del departamento del Tolima. A partir de las muestras de suelo recolectadas se realizaron análisis metagenómicos, obteniendo datos de abundancia relativa, alfa y beta diversidad, análisis de abundancia diferencial (DAA), análisis de abundancia funcional y reconstrucción de genomas a partir de metagenomas (MAGs), además se evaluaron parámetros fisicoquímicos del suelo y se cuantificaron in vitro las actividades enzimáticas de celulasa, invertasa, fosafatasa, lacasa y peroxidasa en cada tratamiento. En cuanto a la medición de las emisiones de GEIs se realizó durante el cultivo en tres ciclos productivos, donde se cuantificaron las emisiones de metano (CH4), óxido nitroso (N2O) y dióxido de carbono (CO2), por cada ciclo. Los resultados muestran procesos de sucesión microbiana y funcional a lo largo del tiempo, mostrando heterogeneidad en función de la capacidad de respuesta del suelo, además se obtuvieron 35 MAGs de calidad media y alta, son predomino de Proteobacteria en el primer tratamiento, Gemmatimonadetes en el segundo tratamiento y Actinobacteria en el tercer tratamiento. En términos de actividad enzimática, también se identifican comportamientos variables, destacándose una mayor consistencia en el segundo tratamiento con tendencia al aumento salvo por la lacasa que disminuyo en el cuarto muestreo. Finalmente, los análisis de emisión de GEIs destacan la disminución de CH4 en el primer y tercer tratamiento, así como el aumento progresivo de N2O en el segundo tratamiento. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractRice production at the global level plays a fundamental role in food security, the global economy, and environmental sustainability. In Colombia, rice is also a crop that influences these three key pillars, with the department of Tolima being one of the main producers based on the number of hectares harvested. However, after grain harvesting, farmers face the challenge of managing post-harvest residues, especially rice straw, whose reuse is limited, its mechanical removal involves additional costs, and its burning generates negative environmental impacts, factors that motivate the search for sustainable strategies to mitigate such effects. Understanding the interactions of bacterial and archaeal communities, as well as their enzymatic potential, provides an overview of carbohydrate degradation processes, nitrogen metabolism, and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of rice Straw incorporation and the use of bioinoculants on the dynamics of soil microbial populations and GHG emissions. To this end, three treatments were applied: incorporation of pre-decomposed rice straw for 15 days along with bioinoculants; incorporation of pre-decomposed Straw for 30 days with bioinoculants, and incorporation of undecomposed rice straw. These treatments were implemented in three municipalities within the department of Tolima. From the collected soil samples, metagenomic analyses were performed, yielding data on relative abundance, alpha and beta diversity, differential abundance analysis (DAA), functional abundance analysis and metagenome-asembled genoma (MAG) reconstruction. Additionally, soil physicochemical parameters were evaluated, and in vitro enzymatic activities of cellulase, invertase, phosphatase, lacase and peroxidase were quantified for each treatment. GHG emissions were measured during the crop cycle across three productive cycles, with emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) quantified for each cycle. The results revealed processes of microbial and functional succession over time, showing heterogeneity base on the soil’s reponse capactity. A total of 35 medium and high-quality MAGs were recovered, with a predominance of Proteobacteria in the first treatment, Gemmatimonadetes in the second, and Actinobacteria in the third. In terms of enzymatic activity, variable patterns were also observed, with the second treatment showing the most consistent tren of increased activity, except for laccase, which decreased in the fourth sampling. Finally, the GHG emission analyses highlighted a reduction in CH4 emissions in the first and third treatment, and a progressive increase in N2O emissions in the second treatment.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagister en ciencias - Biotecnología
dc.description.researchareaAnálisis de cultivos de importancia económica para el país
dc.format.extentxi, 212 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89306
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnología
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.subject.blaaCultivo del arrozspa
dc.subject.blaaMetagenómicaspa
dc.subject.bnfMicrobiología de suelosspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::633 - Cultivos de campo y de plantación
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadas::631 - Técnicas específicas, aparatos, equipos, materiales
dc.subject.lembAgricultura sosteniblespa
dc.subject.lembSustainable agricultureeng
dc.subject.lembArrozspa
dc.subject.lembRiceeng
dc.subject.proposalAbundancia funcionalspa
dc.subject.proposalAgricultura sosteniblespa
dc.subject.proposalComunidades microbianasspa
dc.subject.proposalCultivo de arrozspa
dc.subject.proposalPropiedades edáficasspa
dc.titleInfluencia del tamo y bioinoculantes como estrategia de fertilización compuesta, y su efecto en el microbioma bacteriano y arqueal de tres suelos arroceros del Tolima un enfoque metagenómico.
dc.title.translatedInfluence of rice straw and bioinoculants as a composite fertilization strategy, and their effect on the bacterial and archaeal microbiome of three paddy soils in Tolima: a metagenomic approach.
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecarios
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantes
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestros
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico general
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.fundernameMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología

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