Evaluación de la metodología estadística aplicada al meta-análisis en red para realizar la comparación de la efectividad y seguridad de una intervención. farmacológica

dc.contributor.advisorRamírez Guevara, Isabel Cristina
dc.contributor.advisorGonzález Álvarez, Nelfi Gertrudis
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz Cano, Natalia Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-23T15:12:04Z
dc.date.available2021-06-23T15:12:04Z
dc.date.issued2020-02-19
dc.descriptionilustraciones
dc.description.abstractLa medicina basada en la evidencia tiene por objetivo el uso consciente de la mejor evidencia clínica disponible, para lo cual incorporó la revisión sistemática y el meta-análisis como técnicas de resumen que permiten sintetizar la información de grandes volúmenes de publicaciones para un mismo problema de salud. La revisión sistemática reúne toda la evidencia clínica disponible acerca del problema a abordar de una manera estandarizada, explícita y reproducible para luego con el meta-análisis combinar cuantitativamente los resultados provenientes de esta evidencia clínica; sin embargo, el meta-análisis solo permite comparar dos intervenciones farmacológicas al mismo tiempo, por tanto, no resultaría efectivo en aquellos casos en los que se cuenta con más de una intervención farmacológica para la misma enfermedad. En vista de esta desventaja, en los últimos años se ha desarrollado una nueva metodología denominada meta-análisis en red, que permite comparar todos las intervenciones farmacológicas disponibles en la red de evidencia y adicionalmente realizar comparaciones indirectas cuando dos intervenciones farmacológicas no se han comparado directamente en un ensayo clínico. Los modelos estadísticos a utilizar dependen de si los datos están disponibles a nivel de paciente o a nivel de estudio y de la homogeneidad de los resultados a comparar. En este trabajo, se describieron los modelos e inferencias estadísticas usadas (frecuentistas y bayesianos) en el meta-análisis en red y se aplicaron algunos de ellos para identificar cuál de los tratamientos farmacológicos disponibles para el tratamiento de inducción de la nefritis lúpica proliferativa es el más efectivo y seguro. El protocolo inherente al meta-análisis en red del presente trabajo se encuentra registrado, revisado y publicado en la base de datos PROSPERO con el número CDR42018102861. Tanto la metodología bayesiana como frecuentista conllevaron a las mismas inferencias estadísticas y los resultados obtenidos, aunque no permitieron dar una respuesta única a la pregunta de investigación aportan información relevante para tomar una decisión informada de riesgo-beneficio según las necesidades del paciente y los tratamientos que se encuentran disponibles. (Tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe objective of evidence-based medicine is the conscious use of the best available clinical evidence, for which it incorporated the systematic review and meta-analysis as summary techniques that allow the synthesis of information from large volumes of publications for the same health problem. The systematic review gathers all the available clinical evidence about the problem to be addressed in a standardized, explicit and reproducible way, and then with the meta-analysis, quantitatively combine the results from this clinical evidence; However, the meta-analysis only allows two pharmacological interventions to be compared at the same time, therefore, it would not be effective in those cases where there is more than one pharmacological intervention for the same disease. In view of this disadvantage, in recent years, a new methodology called network meta-analysis has been developed, which makes it possible to compare all the pharmacological interventions available in the evidence network and additionally make indirect comparisons when two pharmacological interventions have not been directly compared in a clinical trial. The statistical models to be used depend on whether the data are available at the patient level or at the study level and on the homogeneity of the results to be compared. In this work, the statistical models and inferences (frequentist and Bayesian) used in the network meta-analysis were described and some of them were applied to identify which of the pharmacological treatments available for the induction treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis is the most effective and safe. The protocol inherent to the network meta-analysis of this work is registered, revised and published in the PROSPERO database with the number CDR42018102861. Both the Bayesian and frequentist methodology led to the same statistical inferences and the results obtained, although they did not allow a single answer to the research question, they provide relevant information to make an informed risk-benefit decision according to the needs of the patient and the treatments that are available. (Tomado de la fuente)eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Estadísticaspa
dc.format.extent113 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional - Sede Medellínspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/79686
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de estadísticaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellínspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Estadísticaspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc510 - Matemáticas::519 - Probabilidades y matemáticas aplicadasspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y salud::615 - Farmacología y terapéuticaspa
dc.subject.lembFarmacología - Estadísticas
dc.subject.lembMeta-análisis
dc.subject.proposalMeta-análisis en redspa
dc.subject.proposalRevisión sistemáticaspa
dc.subject.proposalEfectividad farmacológicaspa
dc.subject.proposalSeguridad farmacológicaspa
dc.subject.proposalNetwork meta-analysiseng
dc.subject.proposalSystematic revieweng
dc.subject.proposalPharmacological effectivenesseng
dc.subject.proposalPharmacological safetyeng
dc.titleEvaluación de la metodología estadística aplicada al meta-análisis en red para realizar la comparación de la efectividad y seguridad de una intervención. farmacológicaspa
dc.title.translatedEvaluation of the statistical methodology applied to network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of a pharmacological intervention.eng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audienceEspecializadaspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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