Efecto de la isosorbida sobre los cambios estructurales de películas de almidón termoplástico de yuca y ácido poliláctico

dc.contributor.advisorVillada Castillo, Héctor Samuel
dc.contributor.advisorSerna Cock, Liliana
dc.contributor.authorGómez López, Rudy Alberto
dc.contributor.researchgroupCiencia y Tecnología de Biomoléculas de Interés Agroindustrial - CYTBIAspa
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-02T23:21:57Z
dc.date.available2021-09-02T23:21:57Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEl almidón termoplástico (TPS) ha surgido como importante alternativa para la producción de materiales de empaque amigables con el ambiente, debido su bajo costo y biodegradabilidad. Sin embargo, uno de los grandes problemas es la retrogradación que disminuye su vida útil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto co-plastificante de la isosorbida con glicerol sobre las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas, fisicoquímicas, microestructurales y retrogradación en películas de TPS y en mezclas de TPS/PLA. El análisis de los materiales obtenidos se realizó mediante SEM, calorimetría de diferencial de barrido (DSC), análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), difracción de rayos X (DRX), FTIR, pruebas mecánicas de tensión y absorción de humedad. Además, se analizó el efecto del tiempo en las propiedades térmicas, físico-químicas, microestructurales y mecánicas. La evolución de la retrogradación del TPS se modeló mediante la aplicación de la ecuación de Avrami. Los parámetros cinéticos indicaron que la presencia de isosorbida causó una reducción de la velocidad de retrogradación (k) y un mecanismo (n) de recristalización instantáneo mediante un proceso combinado de nucleación térmico y atérmico. La presencia de isosorbida promovió una mayor interacción mediante enlaces de hidrógeno entre las cadenas de almidón y las moléculas de isosorbida, que fueron verificados mediante análisis por espectroscopia infrarrojo por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Estos cambios en el mecanismo de cristalización del TPS afectaron las propiedades mecánicas y microestructurales del material. En las mezclas de TPS/PLA, la isosorbida fue empleada como plastificante en diferentes proporciones. En las imágenes SEM, se evidenció que la mayor parte de las estructuras cristalinas nativas fueron desestructuradas. Independientemente del plastificante, los espectros FTIR de todas las películas de TPS/PLA mostraron que la isosorbida provocó cambios en las bandas de absorción que sugirieron una reducción de la cristalinidad del almidón nativo, concordando con los resultados de DRX, que además indicaron la formación de estructuras cristalinas diferentes (tipo EH). El tratamiento M-i5 (relación glicerol/isosorbida 25/5) presentó propiedades mecánicas balaceadas y se seleccionó para realizar seguimiento de envejecimiento. Los cambios en las bandas de absorción de 1018 y 995 cm-1 sugirieron que la co-plastificación con isosorbida es capaz de frenar la retrogradación en las muestras de M-i5. La cristalinidad de las películas co-plastificadas con isosorbida pasó de 4.3% a 4.9%, lo cual representa una menor variación en comparación al uso de glicerol como único plastificante. En las películas que contenían isosorbida, la resistencia a la tensión (σ) presentó menor variación. Aunque la elongación se redujo notablemente en los primeros 8 días de almacenamiento, la variación fue menor que en las películas con glicerol. Las películas plastificadas con isosorbida absorbieron menor cantidad agua que las películas control (3.2 vs 5.2%, respectivamente), lo cual afectó favorablemente su estabilidad térmica inicial. En general se pudo establecer que la incorporación de isosorbida como plastificante del glicerol, incluso en pequeñas cantidades (relación 25:5 glicerol/isosorbida), podría aumentar la estabilidad estructural y, por ende, las propiedades macroscópicas de las películas de TPS/PLA. Esto es posible gracias a que las ventajas de cada uno de los plastificantes se complementan, mientras que las desventajas (migración, débiles enlaces de hidrógeno entre plastificante-almidón) se reducen, proporcionando un efecto sinérgico que afecta positivamente el comportamiento de la mezcla de TPS/PLA (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractThermoplastic starch (TPS) has emerged as an important alternative for the production of environmentally friendly packaging materials, due to its low cost and biodegradability. However, one of the big problems is retrogradation that decreases its useful life. The objective of this work was to evaluate the co-plasticizing effect of isosorbide with glycerol on the mechanical, thermal, physicochemical, microstructural and retrogradation properties in TPS films and in TPS / PLA mixtures. The analysis of the materials obtained was carried out using SEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, mechanical stress and moisture absorption tests. In addition, the effect of time on thermal, physicochemical, microstructural and mechanical properties was analyzed. The evolution of TPS retrogradation was modeled by applying the Avrami equation. The kinetic parameters indicated that the presence of isosorbide caused a reduction in the retrogradation rate (k) and an instantaneous recrystallization mechanism (n) through a combined thermal and athermic nucleation process. The presence of isosorbide promoted a greater interaction through hydrogen bonds between the starch chains and the isosorbide molecules, which were verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. These changes in the crystallization mechanism of TPS affected the mechanical and microstructural properties of the material. In the TPS / PLA mixtures, isosorbide was used as plasticizer in different proportions. In the SEM images, it was evident that most of the native crystalline structures were unstructured. Regardless of the plasticizer, the FTIR spectra of all the TPS / PLA films showed that isosorbide caused changes in the absorption bands that suggested a reduction in the crystallinity of the native starch, in agreement with the XRD results, which also indicated the formation of different crystal structures (EH type). The M-i5 treatment (glycerol / isosorbide ratio 25/5) presented balanced mechanical properties and was selected for monitoring aging. Changes in the 1018 and 995 cm-1 absorption bands suggested that co-plasticization with isosorbide is able to slow down retrogradation in M-i5 samples. The crystallinity of the films co-plasticized with isosorbide went from 4.3% to 4.9%, which represents a lower variation compared to the use of glycerol as the only plasticizer. In the films containing isosorbide, the tensile strength (σ) presented less variation. Although the elongation was markedly reduced in the first 8 days of storage, the variation was less than in the glycerol films. The films plasticized with isosorbide absorbed less water than the control films (3.2 vs 5.2%, respectively), which favorably affected their initial thermal stability. In general, it was established that the incorporation of isosorbide as a glycerol plasticizer, even in small amounts (ratio 25: 5 glycerol / isosorbide), could increase the structural stability and, therefore, the macroscopic properties of TPS / PLA films. This is possible thanks to the fact that the advantages of each of the plasticizers complement each other, while the disadvantages (migration, weak hydrogen bonds between plasticizer-starch) are reduced, providing a synergistic effect that positively affects the behavior of the TPS/PLA mixture.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagister en Ingeniería Agroindustrialspa
dc.description.methodsEl almidón húmedo se secó en un horno (Memmert, Alemania) de convección forzada. La temperatura de secado fue de 80 °C durante un tiempo de 16 h, hasta alcanzar una humedad entre 1 a 2%. El almidón seco se mezcló con plastificante (glicerol y/o isosorbida) en una proporción de 70:30 (almidón/plastificante) en una mezcladora (KITCHEN Aid, modelo K45SS, USA) por un tiempo de 10 min y se almacenó en un recipiente hermético por un tiempo de 48 h (Arboleda et al., 2015). Se realizaron tres mezclas en las proporciones que se presentan en la tabla 6-1. El almidón acondicionado previamente se procesó en el extrusor de tornillo sencillo (Thermo Scientific, HaakePolylab OS, Alemania) el cual está equipado con un barril de 19 mm de diámetro, una relación de compresión 5:1 y relación L/D de 25, con un dado de soplado y una boquilla de cordón de 3 mm de diámetro, de acuerdo con las condiciones descritas en la tabla 6-1. Las condiciones de proceso fueron obtenidas en ensayos preliminares. El material obtenido en forma de cordón fue peletizado y almacenado en recipientes herméticos hasta su posterior procesamiento.spa
dc.description.researchareaEmpaques biodegradablesspa
dc.format.extent144 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/80090
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmiraspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería y Administraciónspa
dc.publisher.programPalmira - Ingeniería y Administración - Maestría en Ingeniería Agroindustrialspa
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dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocMateriales de empaque
dc.subject.agrovocAlmidón de la mandioca
dc.subject.armarcExtrusion
dc.subject.armarcPackaging materials
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::629 - Otras ramas de la ingenieríaspa
dc.subject.proposalPlastificantespa
dc.subject.proposalAcido polilácticospa
dc.subject.proposalIsosorbidaspa
dc.subject.proposalExtrusiónspa
dc.subject.proposalRetrogradaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalAlmidón termoplásticospa
dc.titleEfecto de la isosorbida sobre los cambios estructurales de películas de almidón termoplástico de yuca y ácido polilácticospa
dc.title.translatedEffect of isosorbide on structural changes of cassava thermoplastic starch films and polylactic acideng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
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dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
oaire.fundernameSistema General de Regalíasspa

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