Externalidades en el transporte de carga metropolitano: una visión conceptual y metodológica para su estimación
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Velandia Villamil, Ximena Carolina
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El propósito de esta investigación es formular un modelo metodológico sustentado en un enfoque conceptual y teórico para identificar las expresiones de las externalidades del transporte de carga en regiones o áreas metropolitanas. Específicamente se propone un modelo que diferencie el efecto de otros modos de transporte y flujos provenientes de distintas escalas y ámbitos territoriales, tomando como base en la noción de costo social del transporte. Los resultados evidenciaron que el transporte de carga en el ámbito metropolitano constituye en sí mismo una externalidad del territorio y a su vez es generador de externalidades, dadas las relaciones que se establecen entre la ciudad núcleo y los municipios metropolitanos. Estas relaciones están determinadas fundamentalmente por las economías de aglomeración, de red y de alcance. El modelo propuesto se aplicó a la Región metropolitana de Bogotá y logró estimar y valorar las externalidades. Además, puede replicarse en otros casos metropolitanos como instrumento para la toma de decisiones, la generación de políticas públicas para el seguimiento al desempeño del transporte de carga y la optimización de la logística metropolitana.
The purpose of this research is to formulate a methodological model based on a conceptual and theoretical approach to identify expressions of externalities in freight transport in regions or metropolitan areas. Specifically, a model is proposed to differentiate the effect of other modes of transport and economic flows from different scales and territorial areas, based on the notion of the social cost of transport. Results showed that freight transport in the metropolitan area constitutes itself an externality of the territory and in turn is a generator of externalities, given the relationships established between the core city and the municipalities. These relationships are fundamentally determined by the economies of agglomeration, scale and scope. The proposed model was applied to the Bogotá metropolitan region, managing to estimate and value externalities. Additionally, it can be replicated in other metropolitan cases as an instrument for decision-making, the generation of public policies to monitor the performance of freight transport and optimization of metropolitan logistics.
The purpose of this research is to formulate a methodological model based on a conceptual and theoretical approach to identify expressions of externalities in freight transport in regions or metropolitan areas. Specifically, a model is proposed to differentiate the effect of other modes of transport and economic flows from different scales and territorial areas, based on the notion of the social cost of transport. Results showed that freight transport in the metropolitan area constitutes itself an externality of the territory and in turn is a generator of externalities, given the relationships established between the core city and the municipalities. These relationships are fundamentally determined by the economies of agglomeration, scale and scope. The proposed model was applied to the Bogotá metropolitan region, managing to estimate and value externalities. Additionally, it can be replicated in other metropolitan cases as an instrument for decision-making, the generation of public policies to monitor the performance of freight transport and optimization of metropolitan logistics.