Análisis de la deserción estudiantil en los programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, utilizando métodos de aprendizaje automático
| dc.contributor.advisor | Franco Soto, Diana Carolina | |
| dc.contributor.author | Vargas Contreras, Rosmer Manuel | |
| dc.coverage.city | Bogotá | |
| dc.coverage.country | Colombia | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-12-17T14:38:59Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-12-17T14:38:59Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.description | ilustraciones a color, diagramas | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | La deserción estudiantil universitaria es uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan las instituciones de educación superior, generando impactos negativos tanto a nivel individual como institucional y para el país. En esta investigación se construyeron modelos predictivos para la deserción estudiantil en los programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, durante el período 2022-2023, utilizando algunas técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Se implementaron cuatro algoritmos de aprendizaje automático: regresión logística, Random Forest, XGBoost y redes neuronales. La optimización de hiperparámetros se realizó utilizando Optuna y Grid Search CV, evaluando múltiples técnicas de balanceo de datos para abordar el desbalance inherente en los datos de deserción. La evaluación se basó en validación cruzada estratificada 5-fold y un conjunto de prueba independiente del 20%. El análisis descriptivo reveló que la tasa de deserción se incrementó de 0.44% en 2022-1S a 10.30% en 2023-2S, con diferencias notables por género (6.10% en hombres versus 3.76% en mujeres) y edad (17.44% en estudiantes de 30 a 34 años). La regresión logística identificó como factores de mayor impacto predictivo al Promedio Académico Ponderado Acumulado con β = −4.700 (p < 0.001), siendo el predictor más fuerte, junto con el número de matrículas (β = −0.426, p < 0.001), que reduce las probabilidades de abandono en 34.7%. Los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración de Empresas presentan menor riesgo (β = −0.957, p < 0.001), mientras que aquellos que deben nivelar Matemáticas muestran mayor probabilidad de desertar (β = 0.582, p = 0.006). Los efectos post confinamiento por la pandemia COVID-19 fueron significativos en 2020-2S aumentando la deserción (β = 0.646, p = 0.020), pero protectores en 2021-2S (β = −0.700, p = 0.004). Finalmente, Random Forest alcanzó el mejor rendimiento con una exactitud de 96.99% y un área bajo la curva ROC de 0.9914 en el conjunto de prueba. El modelo desarrollado proporciona una herramienta que puede ser útil para la identificación temprana de estudiantes en riesgo, con aplicaciones inmediatas en sistemas de alerta temprana institucionales. Los hallazgos contribuyen al entendimiento de los factores asociados con la deserción y proporcionan evidencia empírica para el diseño de estrategias diferenciadas de retención estudiantil (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
| dc.description.abstract | University student dropout is one of the main problems faced by higher education institutions, generating negative impacts at individual, institutional, and national levels. In this research, predictive models were built for student dropout in undergraduate programs at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the National University of Colombia, Bogotá Campus, during the 2022-2023 period, using some machine learning techniques. Four machine learning algorithms were implemented: logistic regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and neural networks. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using Optuna and Grid Search CV, evaluating multiple data balancing techniques to address the inherent imbalance in dropout data. The evaluation was based on 5-fold stratified cross-validation and an independent test set of 20%. Descriptive analysis revealed that the dropout rate increased from 0.44% in 2022-1S to 10.30% in 2023-2S, with notable differences by gender (6.10% in men versus 3.76% in women) and age (17.44% in students aged 30 to 34 years). Logistic regression identified the Cumulative Weighted Academic Average as the factor with the greatest predictive impact with β = −4.700 (p < 0.001), being the strongest predictor, along with the number of enrollments (β = −0.426, p < 0.001), which reduces dropout probabilities by 34.7%. Students in the Business Administration program present lower risk (β = −0.957, p < 0.001), while those who need to level Mathematics show higher probability of dropping out (β = 0.582, p = 0.006). Post-confinement effects due to the COVID-19 pandemic were significant in 2020-2S increasing dropout (β = 0.646, p = 0.020), but protective in 2021-2S (β = −0.700, p = 0.004). Finally, Random Forest achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 96.99% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.9914 in the test set. The developed model provides a tool that can be useful for early identification of at-risk students, with immediate applications in institutional early warning systems. The findings contribute to understanding the factors associated with dropout and provide empirical evidence for designing differentiated student retention strategies. | eng |
| dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | |
| dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación | |
| dc.description.methods | Este estudio pretende proponer avances en el desarrollo de un modelo adaptado a las particularidades de la FCE, UNAL, Sede Bogotá, la comparación sistemática de diferentes técnicas de balanceo de datos, y la incorporación del impacto de los paros académicos en el análisis de la deserción. La exploración y comparación de diferentes técnicas de manejo de datos desbalanceados (como SMOTE, submuestreo, SMOTETomek, entre otras) representa una contribución metodológica importante al campo del estudio de la deserción estudiantil en el contexto colombiano (Fandiño Benavides, 2022; Rivera Molina, 2022). No abordar esta problemática implicaría la persistencia de altas tasas de deserción, la continuación de la pérdida de recursos personales, familiares e institucionales; y, el incremento de la inequidad educativa. Como señala el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (Ministerio de Educación Nacional, 2022), cada estudiante que abandona sus estudios representa no solo una pérdida personal, sino también un impacto negativo en términos de eficiencia del sistema educativo y en el desarrollo socioeconómico del país. | |
| dc.description.researcharea | Machine Learning & Data Science | |
| dc.format.extent | 104 páginas | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
| dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89223 | |
| dc.language.iso | spa | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ingeniería | |
| dc.publisher.place | Bogotá, Colombia | |
| dc.publisher.program | Bogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación | |
| dc.relation.references | Adelman, C., y Clifford. (1999, enero). Answers in the Tool Box: Academic Intensity, Attendance Patterns, and Bachelor’s Degree Attainment | |
| dc.relation.references | Akiba, T., Sano, S., Yanase, T., Ohta, T., y Koyama, M. (2019). Optuna: A Next-generation Hyperpara meterOptimization Framework.Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDDInternational Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, 2623-2631. https://doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330701 | |
| dc.relation.references | Antolínez Cortés, S. (2021). Estudio de la deserción en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y su papel de termalizador social [Tesis de maestría]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. | |
| dc.relation.references | Batista, G., Bazzan, A., y Monard, M.-C. (2003). Balancing Training Data for Automated Annotation of Keywords: a Case Study. the Proc. Of Workshop on Bioinformatics, 10-18 | |
| dc.relation.references | Batista, G. E. A. P. A., Prati, R. C., y Monard, M. C. (2004). A study of the behavior of several methods for balancing machine learning training data. SIGKDD Explor. Newsl., 6(1), 20-29. https://doi. org/10.1145/1007730.1007735 | |
| dc.relation.references | Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attri tion. Research in Higher Education, 12(2), 155-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00976194 | |
| dc.relation.references | Bishop, C. (2006, enero). Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer. https://www.microsoft. com/en-us/research/publication/pattern-recognition-machine-learning/ | |
| dc.relation.references | Bradley, A. P. (1997). The use of the area under the ROC curve in the evaluation of machine learning algorithms. Pattern Recognition, 30(7), 1145-1159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0031-3203(96)00142-2 | |
| dc.relation.references | Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R. A., y Stone, C. J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees (1.a ed.). Chapman; Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315139470 | |
| dc.relation.references | Breiman, L. (2001). Random Forests. Machine Learning, 45(1), 5-32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1010933404324 | |
| dc.relation.references | Carvalho, M., Pinho, A. J., y Brás, S. (2025). Resampling approaches to handle class imbalance: a re view from a data perspective. Journal of Big Data, 12(71). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537 025-01119-4 | |
| dc.relation.references | Cawley, G. C., y Talbot, N. L. (2010). On over-fitting in model selection and subsequent selection bias in performance evaluation. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11, 2079-2107. https: //www.jmlr.org/papers/volume11/cawley10a/cawley10a.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | Chawla, N. V., Bowyer, K. W., Hall, L. O., y Kegelmeyer, W. P. (2002). SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 16, 321-357. https://doi. org/10.1613/jair.953 | |
| dc.relation.references | Chen, T., y Guestrin, C. (2016). XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 785-794. https: //doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785 | |
| dc.relation.references | Cox, D. R. (1958). The Regression Analysis of Binary Sequences. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 20(2), 215-242. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2983890 | |
| dc.relation.references | Dagorn, E., y Moulin, L. (2025). Dropping out of university in response to the COVID-19 pandemic [Available online 3 December 2024]. Economics of Education Review, 104, 102604. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102604 | |
| dc.relation.references | Davis, J., y Goadrich, M. (2006). The relationship between Precision-Recall and ROC curves. Procee dings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, 233-240. https://doi.org/10. 1145/1143844.1143874 | |
| dc.relation.references | Fandiño Benavides, A. (2022). Modelo de predicción para la deserción en la Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz [Tesis de maestría]. Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. | |
| dc.relation.references | Fawcett, T. (2006). An introduction to ROC analysis [ROC Analysis in Pattern Recognition]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 27(8), 861-874. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005. 10.010 | |
| dc.relation.references | Gama,J., Rodrigues, P. P., y Sebastião, R. (2009). Evaluating algorithms that learn from data streams. Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 1496-1500. https://doi.org/10. 1145/1529282.1529616 | |
| dc.relation.references | García Botero, L., Aguilar Barreto, A. J., y Parada Trujillo, A. E. (2022). Deserción universitaria en el contexto colombiano: recorrido diacrónico entre el 2018 y 2022. Revista Senderos Pedagógicos, 13(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.53995/rsp.v13i13.1200 | |
| dc.relation.references | Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., y Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning [http://www.deeplearningbook.org]. MIT Press. | |
| dc.relation.references | Gutierrez-Pachas, D., Garcia Zanabria, G., Cuadros-Vargas, E., Camara-Chavez, G., y Gomez-Nieto, E. (2023a). Supporting Decision-Making Process on Higher Education Dropout by Analyzing Academic, Socioeconomic, and Equity Factors through Machine Learning and Survival Analy sis Methods in the Latin American Context. Education Sciences, 13, 154. https://doi.org/10. 3390/educsci13020154 | |
| dc.relation.references | Hand, D. J., y Till, R. J. (2001). A Simple Generalisation of the Area Under the ROC Curve for Multiple Class Classification Problems. Machine Learning, 45, 171-186. https://doi.org/10.1023/A: 1010920819831 | |
| dc.relation.references | Hanley, J. A., y McNeil, B. J. (1982). The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. [PMID: 7063747]. Radiology, 143(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10. 1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 | |
| dc.relation.references | Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., y Friedman, J. (2009, febrero). The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second Edition (Springer Series in Statistics). | |
| dc.relation.references | Haykin,S.(2009).NeuralNetworksandLearningMachines(3.aed.)[McMasterUniversity].PearsonEdu cation, Inc. http://dai.fmph.uniba.sk/courses/NN/haykin.neural-networks.3ed.2009.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | He, H., Bai, Y., Garcia, E. A., y Li, S. (2008). ADASYN: Adaptive synthetic sampling approach for imba lanced learning. 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence), 1322-1328. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4633969 | |
| dc.relation.references | Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., y Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression (3.a ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781118548387 | |
| dc.relation.references | Kearns,M.,Mansour,Y.,Ng,A.Y.,etal.(1997).AnExperimentalandTheoreticalComparisonofModel Selection Methods. Machine Learning, 27, 7-50. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007344726582 | |
| dc.relation.references | Kohavi, R. (1995). A study of cross-validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model se lection. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence- Volume 2, 1137-1143. | |
| dc.relation.references | Krawczyk, B. (2016). Learning from imbalanced data: open challenges and future directions. Progress in Artificial Intelligence, 5(4), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13748-016-0094-0 | |
| dc.relation.references | Laboratorio de Economía de la Educación. (2023). Informe No. 74: Deserción en la educación superior en Colombia (inf. téc.). Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. https://lee.javeriana. edu.co/publicaciones-y-documentos | |
| dc.relation.references | Lemaître, G., Nogueira, F., y Aridas, C. K. (2017). Imbalanced-learn: A Python Toolbox to Tackle the CurseofImbalancedDatasetsinMachineLearning.JournalofMachineLearningResearch,18(17), 1-5. http://jmlr.org/papers/v18/16-365.html | |
| dc.relation.references | Liu, X.-Y., Wu, J., y Zhou, Z.-H. (2009). Exploratory Undersampling for Class-Imbalance Learning. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 39(2), 539-550. https: //doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2008.2007853 | |
| dc.relation.references | López, V., Fernández, A., García, S., Palade, V., y Herrera, F. (2013). An insight into classification with imbalanced data: Empirical results and current trends on using data intrinsic characteristics. Information Sciences, 250, 113-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.07.007 | |
| dc.relation.references | López Gómez,C.,yMacíasQuintero,A.(2018). Análisis de deserción académica de estudiantes del progra mapeamadelaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia a través del uso de modelos de sobrevida en tiempo discreto [Tesis de maestría]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. | |
| dc.relation.references | Madrid Echeverry, J. I. (2017). Propuesta de un modelo estadístico para caracterizar y predecir la deserción estudiantil universitaria [Tesis de maestría]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Ingeniería de la Organización]. | |
| dc.relation.references | Mani, I., y Zhang, I. (2003). kNN approach to unbalanced data distributions: a case study involving information extraction. 126. https://www.site.uottawa.ca/nat/Workshop2003/jzhang.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | McCulloch, W. S., y Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The bulletin of mathematical biophysics, 5(4), 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02478259 | |
| dc.relation.references | Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2009). Deserción estudiantil en la educación superior colombiana: Me todología de seguimiento, diagnóstico y elementos para su prevención (inf. téc.). Ministerio de Edu cación Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. | |
| dc.relation.references | MinisteriodeEducaciónNacional.(2022).DeserciónescolarenColombia:Análisis,determinantesypolítica de acogida, bienestar y permanencia (inf. téc.). Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. | |
| dc.relation.references | Mitchell, T. M. (1997). Machine learning (Vol. 1). McGraw-hill New York. | |
| dc.relation.references | Nielsen, D. (2016). Tree Boosting With XGBoost: Why Does XGBoost Win Every Machine Learning Competition? https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2433761 | |
| dc.relation.references | Nurmalitasari, Awang Long, Z., y Faizuddin Mohd Noor, M. (2023). Factors Influencing Dropout Stu dents in Higher Education. Education Research International, 2023(1), 7704142. https://doi. org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7704142 | |
| dc.relation.references | Powers, D. M. W. (2020). Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.16061 | |
| dc.relation.references | Pusztai, G., Fényes, H., y Kovács, K. (2022). Factors Influencing the Chance of Dropout or Being at Risk of Dropout in Higher Education. Education Sciences, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ educsci12110804 | |
| dc.relation.references | Quinlan, J. R. (1986). Induction of decision trees. Machine Learning, 1(1), 81-106. https://doi.org/10. 1007/BF00116251 | |
| dc.relation.references | Quinlan, J. R. (1993). C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc. | |
| dc.relation.references | Rivera Molina, J. (2022). Diseño de un modelo predictivo sobre la deserción de un estudiante de ingeniería eléctrica y electrónica de la Universidad de los Andes utilizando técnicas de Machine Learning [Tesis de pregrado]. Universidad de los Andes. | |
| dc.relation.references | Rumelhart,D.E.,Hinton,G.E.,yWilliams,R.J.(1986).Learningrepresentationsbyback-propagating errors. Nature, 323(6088), 533-536. https://doi.org/10.1038/323533a0 | |
| dc.relation.references | Saito, T., y Rehmsmeier, M. (2015). The Precision-Recall Plot Is More Informative than the ROC Plot WhenEvaluatingBinaryClassifiersonImbalancedDatasets.PLoSONE,10(3),e0118432.https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118432 | |
| dc.relation.references | Sokolova, M., y Lapalme, G. (2009). A systematic analysis of performance measures for classification tasks. Information Processing & Management, 45(4), 427-437. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ipm.2009.03.002 | |
| dc.relation.references | Song, Z., Sung, S.-H., Park, D.-M., y Park, B.-K. (2023). All-Year Dropout Prediction Modeling and Analysis for University Students. Applied Sciences, 13(2), 1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ app13021143 | |
| dc.relation.references | Spady, W. G. (1970). Dropouts from higher education: An interdisciplinary review and synthesis. In terchange, 1(1), 64-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214313 | |
| dc.relation.references | Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research. Review of Educational Research, 45(1), 89-125. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543045001089 | |
| dc.relation.references | Tomek, I. (1976). Two Modifications of CNN. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 6(11), 769-772. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1976.4309452 | |
| dc.relation.references | Universidad Nacional de Colombia. (2008). Acuerdo 008 de 2008 del Consejo Superior Universitario [Por el cual se adopta el Estatuto Estudiantil de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en sus disposiciones Académicas]. | |
| dc.relation.references | Wilson,D.L.(1972).AsymptoticPropertiesofNearestNeighborRulesUsingEditedData.IEEETransac tions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-2(3), 408-421. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC. 1972.4309137 | |
| dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.license | Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 000 - Ciencias de la computación, información y obras generales::006 - Métodos especiales de computación | |
| dc.subject.ddc | 370 - Educación::378 - Educación superior (Educación terciaria) | |
| dc.subject.lemb | APRENDIZAJE POR REFUERZO (APRENDIZAJE AUTOMATICO) | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Reinforcement learning (Machine learning) | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN EXPLICACIONES | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Explanation-based learning | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | EDUCACION SUPERIOR-INVESTIGACIONES | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Education, higher - research | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | Education, higher - methodology | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | EDUCACION TECNOLOGICA | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Technical education | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | ANALISIS DE REGRESION LOGISTICA | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Logistic regression analysis | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | REDES NEURALES (COMPUTADORES) | spa |
| dc.subject.lemb | Neural networks (Computer science) | eng |
| dc.subject.lemb | EDUCACION SUPERIOR-METODOLOGIA | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Aprendizaje Automático | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Deserción Estudiantil | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Student Dropout | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Educación Superior | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Higher Education | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Modelos Predictivos | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | RandomForest | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Regresión Logística | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Retención Estudiantil | spa |
| dc.subject.proposal | Predictive Models | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | RandomForest | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Logistic Regression | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Student Retention | eng |
| dc.subject.proposal | Machine Learning | eng |
| dc.title | Análisis de la deserción estudiantil en los programas de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, utilizando métodos de aprendizaje automático | spa |
| dc.title.translated | Analysis of student dropout in undergraduate programs at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the National University of Colombia, Bogotá Campus, using machine learning methods | eng |
| dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | |
| dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | |
| dc.type.content | Text | |
| dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | |
| dc.type.redcol | http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Maestros | |
| dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | |
| oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
Archivos
Bloque original
1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- Entrega_tesis_Repositorio_15_12_2025_Unido_organized.pdf
- Tamaño:
- 3.29 MB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Descripción:
- Tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación
Bloque de licencias
1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- license.txt
- Tamaño:
- 5.74 KB
- Formato:
- Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
- Descripción:

