Exploración de los procesos de especiación de las avispas parasitoides del género Chelonus (Microchelonus) Szépligeti, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) en el Archipiélago de Galápagos, Ecuador

dc.contributor.advisorSarmiento Monroy, Carlos Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorSandoval Bernal, Ada Luz
dc.contributor.researchgroupLaboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Comparada de Insectosspa
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-29T12:46:39Z
dc.date.available2022-08-29T12:46:39Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionilustraciones, fotografías, graficasspa
dc.description.abstractEl archipiélago de Galápagos es un sistema de islas oceánicas aisladas que permite la colonización y diversificación de las especies potenciando la radiación adaptativa. Estos procesos pueden llevar a la diferenciación morfológica y a la formación de especies. El género Chelonus (Microchelonus), presente en las islas Galápagos, tiene 56 especies registradas para el Neotrópico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es caracterizar la identidad taxonómica y el grado de diferenciación morfológica de las especies del género Chelonus (Microchelonus) presentes en el archipiélago de Galápagos en relación con varias características de las islas que pueden influir en procesos de diferenciación y eventualmente especiación del grupo. Se identificaron, mediante claves taxonómicas, 114 ejemplares. Se tomaron 23 medidas de morfometría lineal, análisis de componentes principales, de conglomerados, función discriminante y PerMANOVA. Se caracterizó su grado de variación dentro de cada isla. Se determinaron asociaciones de la diferenciación morfológica de las poblaciones con la edad y la distancia geográfica de las islas, mediante regresiones lineales. Se encontraron cinco especies confirmadas y tres entidades más de las cuales no es clara su identidad. Todas las especies son nuevos registros para las islas Galápagos, pero se han reportado en otras localidades del Neotrópico. Se encontraron diferenciaciones morfológicas entre pares de islas, pero no hay asociación entre la diferenciación morfológica de las especies y de sus poblaciones y la edad de surgimiento de las islas o la distancia geográfica, excepto para M. buscki. No se encontró relación entre variabilidad dentro de las islas y área y edad de las islas. Los análisis apuntan a que el grupo es reciente en el archipiélago y sus procesos de diferenciación son muy incipientes salvo en M. buscki. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe Galapagos archipelago is a system of isolated oceanic islands that allows the colonization and diversification of species, enhancing adaptive radiation. These processes can lead to morphological differentiation and species formation. The genus Chelonus (Microchelonus), present in the Galapagos Islands, has 56 species recorded for the Neotropics. The objective of this work is to characterize the taxonomic identity and the degree of morphological differentiation of the species of the genus Chelonus (Microchelonus) present in the Galapagos archipelago in relation to several characteristics of the islands that can influence differentiation processes and eventually speciation of the Galapagos. cluster. Using taxonomic keys, 114 specimens were identified. Twenty-three linear morphometry measurements, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant function and PerMANOVA were taken. Their degree of variation within each island was characterized. Associations of the morphological differentiation of the populations with age and geographic distance from the islands were determined using linear regressions. Five confirmed species were found and three more entities whose identity is not clear. All species are new records for the Galapagos Islands but have been reported from other Neotropical locations. Morphological differentiations were found between pairs of islands, but there is no association between the morphological differentiation of the species and their populations and the age of emergence of the islands or the geographic distance, except for M. buscki. No relationship was found between variability within the islands and area and age of the islands. The analyzes indicate that the group is recent in the archipelago and its differentiation processes are very incipient, except in M. buscki.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ciencias - Biologíaspa
dc.description.researchareaSistemáticaspa
dc.format.extent73 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82155
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Biologíaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Cienciasspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biologíaspa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
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dc.relation.referencesVanderWerf E.A., Young L.C., Yeung N.W., Carlon D.B. 2009. Stepping stone speciation in Hawaii’s flycatchers: molecular divergence supports new island endemics within the elapaio. Conservation Genetics 11(4): 1283-1298.spa
dc.relation.referencesViereck H. L. 1912. Contributions to our knowledge of bees and Ichneumon-flies, including the descriptions of twenty-one new genera and fifty-seven new species of Ichneumon-flies. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 42: 613-648.spa
dc.relation.referencesVogel E.C., De Loreto B.S., Trevisan R., Iob B.I. 2017. Implications of poor taxonomy in conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation 36:10-13.spa
dc.relation.referencesYamaguchi R., Iwasa Y. 2013. First passage time to allopatric speciation. Interface Focus 3:1-11.spa
dc.relation.referencesYu D.S., Van Achterberg C., Horstmann K. 2005. World Ichneumonoidea 2004. Taxonomy, biology, morphology, and distribution [Braconidae]. Taxapad 2005 (Scientific names for information management) Interactive catalogue.spa
dc.relation.referencesYu D.S., Van Achterberg C., Horstmann K. 2012. Taxapad 2012, Icheneumonoidea 2011. Interactive catalogue.spa
dc.relation.referencesWagner W.L., Funk V.A. 1995. Hawaiian biogeography. Evolution on a hot spot archipielago. Smithsonian Institution.spa
dc.relation.referencesZuur A.E., Leno E.N., Smith G.M. 2007. Principal Component Analysis and Redundancy analysis. In: Analysing Ecological Data. Statistics for Biology and Health. Springer.spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.agrovocChelonus
dc.subject.agrovocTaxonomíaspa
dc.subject.agrovoctaxonomyeng
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biología::576 - Genética y evoluciónspa
dc.subject.proposalBraconidaeother
dc.subject.proposalMicrochelonusother
dc.subject.proposalMorfologíaspa
dc.subject.proposalMorphologyeng
dc.subject.proposalIslas Galápagosspa
dc.titleExploración de los procesos de especiación de las avispas parasitoides del género Chelonus (Microchelonus) Szépligeti, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) en el Archipiélago de Galápagos, Ecuadorspa
dc.title.translatedExploration of the speciation processes of the genus Chelonus (Microchelonus) Szépligeti, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) parasitoid wasps in the Galápagos archipiélago, Ecuadoreng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentBibliotecariosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentEstudiantesspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMaestrosspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentMedios de comunicaciónspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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