Influencia de las propiedades hidrogeológicas y químicas del acuífero que subyace el relleno sanitario Navarro de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, en la movilidad de los metales pesados

dc.contributor.advisorCardona Gallo, Santiago Alonso
dc.contributor.authorZapata Hoyos, Martin Andrés
dc.contributor.researchgroupPosgrado en Aprovechamiento de Recursos Hidráulicosspa
dc.coverage.citySantiago de Cali, Colombia
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-30T16:19:15Z
dc.date.available2023-01-30T16:19:15Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-09
dc.descriptionilustraciones, diagramas, mapasspa
dc.description.abstractLos lixiviados que se generan como subproducto de los procesos de descomposición y estabilización de los residuos sólidos urbanos confinados a la intemperie funcionan como medio de transporte de contaminantes hacia el suelo y las aguas subterráneas, impactándolos de manera significativa. Los metales pesados, hacen parte de los cuatro principales grupos de contaminantes que contienen los lixiviados, presentan como mayor característica que generan un alto riesgo de afectación a la salud humana, los ecosistemas hacia los cuales son naturalmente transportados y los receptores finales, debido a su alta toxicidad. Generalmente las concentraciones de metales pesados en los lixiviados de sistemas de disposición final de residuos sólidos urbanos son relativamente bajas, van desde microgramos por litro (µg/L) hasta algunos miligramos por litro (mg/L), considerando que las condiciones ambientales naturales de estos sistemas no favorecen la solubilización de cantidades mayores, sin embargo, son contaminantes de gran impacto. La presente investigación parte de la hipótesis que, en medios acuosos, como una pluma de lixiviados en un acuífero, estos contaminantes especian de diferentes formas, cada una con patrones diferentes de transporte, biodisponibilidad y toxicidad, además, sujetas a experimentar diferentes mecanismos de inmovilización o retardo, tanto en la zona vadosa como en la saturada, evitando que sus formas más tóxicas migren y alcancen receptores finales. Estos mecanismos son de tipo físico, químico y biológico, su eficiencia como proceso depende de las condiciones hidrogeológicas, mineralógicas e hidrogeoquímicas del sistema acuífero. El presente trabajo de investigación se enfoca en corroborar la anterior hipótesis en el estudio de caso del sistema acuífero contaminado que subyace el antiguo relleno sanitario Navarro de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, Colombia, el cual en adelante se denominará DSFR Navarro. Para alcanzar el objetivo de la investigación, se evaluaron las condiciones hidrogeológicas e hidrogeoquímicas del acuífero, además de la clasificación y características físicas y mineralógicas de su fase sólida y de la capa que lo suprayace. Se levantó y procesó información primaria y secundaria; se realizaron análisis de laboratorio de los parámetros más significativos para la evaluación y caracterización de la fase líquida del acuífero y del lixiviado; se realizaron isotermas de adsorción para evaluar el potencial de la fase sólida del acuífero y la capa de suelo que lo suprayace para adsorber cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) que fueron los metales pesados seleccionados para acometer la fase experimental de la investigación. Se corrió la solución analítica en una y tres dimensiones de la ecuación que representa el transporte de especies metálicas disueltas para evaluar la variación espaciotemporal de los metales en la pluma contaminante. La hipótesis se corrobora a partir de los resultados obtenidos en la fase experimental y la solución analítica de la ecuación de transporte. Se elaboró el modelo conceptual del sistema contaminado y la descripción y análisis del desarrollo del sitio como sistema de disposición final de residuos sólidos urbanos y fuente de contaminación. Se encontró que las características físicas y mineralógicas del material granular del acuífero y la capa que suprayace, favorecen el fenómeno de inmovilización de los contaminantes en estudio. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThe leachate that comes from decomposition and stabilization of solid wastes at landfills represents a high risk of contamination to the environment as many contaminants are transported towards the soil and groundwater. Heavy metals are part of the main group of contaminates that are present in the leachate and due to their high toxicity, they represent a high risk to the human health and the ecosystems. General speaking, the concentrations of heavy metals at landfills are relatively low, ranging from some micrograms per liter (µg/L) to milligrams per liter (mg/L), nonetheless they represent a high risk of contamination to the environment. This research is based on the hypothesis that, contamination plume that is formed once the leachate reaches the aquifer is subject to different processes of transport, and bioavailability. In addition, heavy metals can be subject to different mechanisms of immobilization and retardation in both the saturated and unsaturated zone, preventing them from reaching final receptors. These mechanisms can be physical, chemical, and biological but in any case, the effectiveness of the process depends on the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical conditions of the aquifer. This project, focus on demonstrate the influence of these mechanisms at the aquifer under the Navarro landfill located in Cali, Colombia. To achieve the main goal of the project, different hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical conditions of the aquifer were evaluated. In addition, a classification of the mineralogical and physical properties of the solids of the aquifer was performed. Desk and field information were collected, and laboratory studies were run to identify the most important parameters of the groundwater and the leachate. Once the results were obtained, adsorption isotherms of Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were depicted to evaluate the retardation potential of the aquifer solids. Moreover, a 3-D analytical transport model was run to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metals present at the contamination plume. Additionally, a conceptual site model was constructed to depict the source-pathway-receptor of the contaminant. The hypothesis was demonstrated from the results of the tests performed and it can be concluded that the physical and mineralogical properties of the aquifer are key to the process of immobilization and retardation of heavy metals at the study site.eng
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular de Medio Ambientespa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Recursos Hidráulicosspa
dc.format.extentxxiii, 218 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/83181
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Minasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería - Recursos Hidráulicosspa
dc.relation.indexedRedColspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.armarcResiduos urbanos
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::628 - Ingeniería sanitariaspa
dc.subject.lembResiduos sólidosspa
dc.subject.lembSanitary landfillseng
dc.subject.lembRellenos sanitariosspa
dc.subject.proposalDisposición final de residuosspa
dc.subject.proposalLixiviados de rellenos sanitariosspa
dc.subject.proposalMovilidad de metales pesadosspa
dc.subject.proposalAcuíferospa
dc.subject.proposalHidrogeologíaspa
dc.subject.proposalHidrogeoquímicaspa
dc.subject.proposalModelo de transportespa
dc.subject.proposalSolid wastes final disposaleng
dc.subject.proposalLandfill leachateeng
dc.subject.proposalHeavy metals mobilityeng
dc.subject.proposalHydrogeologyeng
dc.subject.proposalHydrogeochemistryeng
dc.subject.proposalTransport modeleng
dc.titleInfluencia de las propiedades hidrogeológicas y químicas del acuífero que subyace el relleno sanitario Navarro de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, en la movilidad de los metales pesadosspa
dc.title.translatedInfluence of the hydrogeological and chemical Properties of the aquifer that underlies the Navarro sanitary landfill of the city of Santiago de Cali, on the mobility of heavy metalseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentPúblico generalspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentResponsables políticosspa
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