Estudio de la formación de aglomerados por interacciones entre la materia inorgánica de biomasa residual colombiana y el material del lecho durante la combustión en lecho fluidizado

dc.contributor.advisorRincón Prat, Sonia Lucía
dc.contributor.advisorGuio Perez, Diana Carolina
dc.contributor.authorAchury Ortiz, Sebastian
dc.contributor.googlescholarSonia Lucía Rincón Prat [IB-Ar3IAAAAJ&hl]
dc.contributor.googlescholarDiana Carolina Guio-Perez [psafpcEAAAAJ&hl]
dc.contributor.orcidGuio-Perez, Diana Carolina [0000-0001-6415-1148]
dc.contributor.researchgroupBiomasa y Optimización Térmica de Procesos Biot
dc.coverage.countryColombia
dc.coverage.tgnhttp://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000050
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-06T13:01:19Z
dc.date.available2026-03-06T13:01:19Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, fotografías, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractEl presente trabajo estudia la formación de aglomerados durante la combustión de biomasas residuales colombianas en un reactor de lecho fluidizado. La investigación surge de la necesidad de contar con sistemas de generación confiables y eficientes en el contexto de la transición energética en Colombia y responde a los retos asociados a las diferencias en la composición química de las cenizas de las biomasas y su impacto en procesos térmicos de transformación. Se seleccionaron cuatro residuos agroindustriales por su disponibilidad y potencial energético: (1) cuesco de palma de aceite, (2) tusa de palma de aceite, (3) cascarilla de café y (4) cascarilla de arroz. Se realizaron ensayos en lecho fijo y lecho fluidizado. En lecho fijo se evaluaron temperaturas de 700, 800 y 900 ◦C y tiempos de residencia de 2, 4 y 8 horas, usando mezclas de 1 g con 10% de cenizas. En lecho fluidizado, tras adecuaciones y mejoras de la unidad experimental, los ensayos se hicieron a 850 y 900 ◦C, con 6% de sólidos y una carga total de material consistente con una relación altura sobre diámetro del lecho igual a 1 (H/D = 1). Se empleó la metodología de tiempo de defluidización, que consiste en mantener el lecho fluidizado a altas temperaturas con un contenido de cenizas predeterminado hasta que el régimen colapse por aglomeración de partículas. Los resultados evidenciaron comportamientos contrastantes. En el lecho fijo se observaron interacciones entre la ceniza y el material de lecho, asociadas a procesos de fusión parcial de la ceniza. La mayor interacción (o grado de fusión parcial) correspondió a la cascarilla de café, seguida por la tusa de palma de aceite y el cuesco de palma de aceite. En contraste, la cascarilla de arroz no presentó una interacción apreciable, posiblemente debido a la composición química de sus cenizas, rica en silicio. En el lecho fluidizado se evidenció una interacción entre las cenizas y el material de lecho empleado, observándose un comportamiento diferente al registrado en el lecho fijo. Esta variación sugiere la ocurrencia de transformaciones de material inorgánico por medio de mecanismos de interacción diferenciados entre las dos configuraciones. Se identificó la formación de capas de compuestos derivados de la ceniza, enriquecidas en potasio, calcio y silicio, que favorecen la generación de compuestos de baja temperatura de fusión. La adherencia de los depósitos fue heterogénea y coherente con lo reportado para fenómenos asociados con aglomeración inducida por fusión (meltinduced agglomeration) y por recubrimiento (coating-induced agglomeration). Esta interpretación se corroboró mediante análisis SEM/EDX. La biomasa con mayor tendencia a la aglomeración fue la cascarilla de café, que generó aglomerados con tamaños entre 25 y 70 mm. En contraste, los provenientes de cascarilla de arroz y cuesco de palma de aceite mostraron menor potencial de aglomeración, con tamaños inferiores a 2 mm. No se realizaron ensayos con tusa de palma de aceite, ya que su morfología, en combinación con la arena de sílice, produjo un comportamiento inadecuado y problemas de segregación en ensayos preliminares de fluidización en frío. Estos resultados subrayan la relevancia de caracterizar las interacciones de la ceniza de biomasa local, constituyendo un marco de referencia para la selección de materiales, el diseño de estrategias de mitigación y la optimización operativa en sistemas de combustión en lecho fluidizado. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates agglomerate formation during the combustion of Colombian residual biomasses in a fluidized-bed reactor. The research arises from the need for reliable and efficient power-generation systems in the context of Colombia’s energy transition and addresses challenges associated with differences in the chemical composition of biomass ashes and their impact on thermal conversion processes. Four agro-industrial residues were selected based on their availability and energy potential: (1) oil palm kernel shell, (2) oil palm empty fruit bunch, (3) coffee husk, and (4) rice husk. Fixed-bed and fluidized-bed experiments were conducted. In the fixed bed, temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 ◦C and residence times of 2, 4, and 8 hours were evaluated using 1 g mixtures containing 10 % ash. In the fluidized bed, after modifications and improvements to the experimental unit, tests were performed at 850 and 900 ◦C with 6 % solids and a total material load consistent with a bed height-to-diameter ratio of 1 (H/D = 1). The defluidization time methodology was used, which consists of maintaining the bed fluidized at high temperatures with a predetermined ash content until the regime collapses due to particle agglomeration. The results showed contrasting behaviors. In the fixed bed, interactions between the ash and the bed material were observed, associated with partial ash melting processes. The greatest interaction (or degree of partial melting) corresponded to coffee husk, followed by oil palm empty fruit bunch and oil palm kernel shell. In contrast, rice husk showed no appreciable interaction, possibly due to the silicon-rich chemical composition of its ash. In the fluidized bed, interaction between the ashes and the bed material was observed, exhibiting behavior different from that recorded in the fixed bed. This variation suggests that inorganic material transformations occur through distinct interaction mechanisms in the two configurations. The formation of ash-derived compound layers enriched in potassium, calcium, and silicon was identified, promoting the generation of low-melting-point compounds. Deposit adhesion was heterogeneous and consistent with phenomena reported for melt-induced agglomeration and coating-induced agglomeration. This interpretation was corroborated by SEM/EDX analyses. The biomass with the highest tendency toward agglomeration was coffee husk, which produced agglomerates with sizes between 25 and 70 ,mm. In contrast, agglomerates from rice husk and oil palm kernel shell showed lower agglomeration potential, with sizes below 2 ,mm. Tests with oil palm empty fruit bunch were not performed because its morphology, combined with silica sand, led to unsuitable behavior and segregation problems in preliminary cold fluidization tests. These results underscore the importance of characterizing interactions of local biomass ash, providing a reference framework for material selection, the design of mitigation strategies, and operational optimization in fluidized-bed combustion systems.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Mecánica
dc.description.researchareaEnergías renovables
dc.format.extentxiii, 147 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89730
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Mecatrónicaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Ingeniería - Maestría en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Mecánica
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc330 - Economía::333 - Economía de la tierra y de la energíaspa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería química::662 - Tecnología de explosivos, combustibles, productos relacionadosspa
dc.subject.proposalBiomasa residualspa
dc.subject.proposalFluidized bed combustionspa
dc.subject.proposalAglomeraciónspa
dc.subject.proposalCenizasspa
dc.subject.proposalMecanismo de aglomeraciónspa
dc.subject.proposalAglomeración inducida por recubrimientospa
dc.subject.proposalAglomeración inducida por fusiónspa
dc.subject.proposalTransición energéticaspa
dc.subject.proposalCombustiónspa
dc.subject.proposalColombiaspa
dc.subject.proposalResidual biomasseng
dc.subject.proposalFluidized bed combustioneng
dc.subject.proposalAgglomerationeng
dc.subject.proposalAsheseng
dc.subject.proposalAgglomeration mechanismeng
dc.subject.proposalCoating-induced agglomerationeng
dc.subject.proposalMelt-induced agglomerationeng
dc.subject.proposalEnergy transitioneng
dc.subject.proposalCombustioneng
dc.subject.proposalColombiaeng
dc.subject.unescoBiomasaspa
dc.subject.unescoBiomasseng
dc.subject.unescoQuímica inorgánicaspa
dc.subject.unescoInorganic chemistryeng
dc.subject.unescoAgroindustriaspa
dc.subject.unescoAgroindustryeng
dc.titleEstudio de la formación de aglomerados por interacciones entre la materia inorgánica de biomasa residual colombiana y el material del lecho durante la combustión en lecho fluidizadospa
dc.title.translatedStudy of agglomerate formation by interactions between the inorganic matter of colombian residual biomass and the bed material during fluidized bed combustioneng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria Nacional para el Fomento de Alianzas Interdisciplinarias que articulen la investigación, creación, extensión y formación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2019–2021:BIOT-GEGEMA, Alianza para el estudio de las interacciones de materiales inorgánicos durante la transformación termoquímica de biomasa
oaire.awardtitleConvocatoria de apoyo a proyectos de investigación de los semilleros de la Facultad de Ingeniería 2024, con el proyecto: Estudio de las transformaciones del material inorgánico de biomasas residuales durante su combustión en lecho fluidizado
oaire.awardtitleIngenio que transforma – Facultad de Ingeniería 2022: Mejoramiento de un prototipo de planta experimental para el procesamiento de biosólidos
oaire.fundernameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia

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