Computational fluid dynamics simulation of a vertical furnace with top submerged lance for the recovery of lead from spent lead-acid batteries

dc.contributor.advisorMolina Ochoa, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz Prada, Andrés Fernando
dc.contributor.educationalvalidatorHenry Copete
dc.contributor.researchgroupBioprocesos y Flujos Reactivosspa
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-15T21:11:21Z
dc.date.available2022-03-15T21:11:21Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-06
dc.descriptionDocumento en formato PDF de la tesis de maestría, documento en la plantilla institucional, redactada en ingles siguiendo la recomendación del grupo de investigación.spa
dc.description.abstractA medida que los vehículos de combustión interna tienen mayor presencia en Colombia, generan una cantidad significativa de desechos peligrosos. Las baterías de plomo-ácido (BPA) que deben cambiarse periódicamente una vez que alcanzan su vida útil son, posiblemente, los desechos peligrosos más comunes producidos por los vehículos. La eliminación inadecuada de las BPA puede ser altamente peligrosa para el medio ambiente y el bienestar de las personas. El reciclaje de Baterías de Plomo-Ácido Usadas (BPAU) mediante pirometalurgia se ha establecido como una alternativa para recuperar elementos valiosos, principalmente Pb. Esta tesis describe una simulación de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) de un horno de lanza vertical sumergida (TSL), una tecnología que no ha sido implementada en Colombia para el reciclaje de BPAU pero que se considera prometedora dada su alta eficiencia energética y capacidad de producción. un derretimiento uniforme. Se determinó la condición de operación y configuración geométrica del horno TSL para la producción de 320 kg/h de plomo secundario a partir de BPAU, valor que se adapta a la demanda colombiana de baterías de plomo. El efecto de los cambios en el flujo de combustible (CH4) y oxidante (aire enriquecido, 30 % O2) y la componente de turbulencia del aire de combustión sobre la eficiencia térmica del horno y la hidrodinámica de la masa fundida. También se abordó el efecto de la componente radial sobre el flujo de CH4 en el fenómeno de combustión. Se desarrolló un modelo transitorio para representar los cambios en el horno para la capacidad propuesta y, con la ayuda de datos de la literatura, determinar el tamaño del horno. Se realizó una evaluación preliminar de la combustión en el horno con base en una simulación CFD que utilizó el modelo de transporte de especies y un mecanismo de reacción de dos pasos. La simulación se realizó en el Software Comercial Fluent 2020 R1. Una segunda simulación CFD consideró el horno multifásico transitorio y se basó en el modelo VOF y la turbulencia RANS. Incluía combustión, radiación y presencia de Pb fundido. La simulación se verificó utilizando una correlación empírica basada en datos experimentales para un número de Froude modificado, Frm. Los efectos del flujo de metano (8 g/s a 2 g/s), y la componente tangencial del aire (20° a 50°), en la eficiencia térmica del horno y los campos de velocidad y temperatura y el tiempo de mezcla fueron revisados. Una vez que se alcanzó el estado pseudo-estable, los datos se recopilaron cada 0,04 s durante un período de 5 s. Los resultados indican que la eficiencia térmica del horno disminuye al aumentar la potencia de combustión para una constante de turbulencia constante de 30° La penetración de gas aumenta con el flujo de CH4. Un mayor flujo de combustible disminuyó el tiempo de mezcla y evitó la formación de zonas muertas cerca del fondo del horno, donde se coloca la piquera para la extracción de Pb. Por otro lado, el remolino no tiene un efecto significativo sobre la penetración del gas o el tiempo de mezclado. El diseño propuesto considera un pozo central y pozos secundarios en los cuales el caudal tiene una componente radial equivalente al 80 % de la magnitud de la velocidad. El aire se enriqueció con un 30 % de O2 y se formó una “zona muerta” que permitió el fraguado de plomo en la base. (Texto tomado de la fuente)spa
dc.description.abstractAs internal combustion vehicles become ubiquist in Colombia, they generate a significant amount of hazardous waste. Lead-Acid Batteries (LAB) that must be periodically changed once they reach their useful life are, arguably, the most common hazardous waste produced from vehicles. Improper disposal of LABs can be highly dangerous for the environment and the wellness of people. The recycling of Spent Lead-Acid Batteries (SLABs) through pyrometallurgy has been established as an alternative to recover valuable elements, mainly Pb. This thesis describes a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a submerged vertical lance (TSL) furnace, a technology that has not been implemented in Colombia for the recycling of SLABs but that is considered as promising given its high energy efficiency and ability to produce an uniform melt. The operating condition and geometric configuration of the TSL furnace were determined for the production of 320 kg/h of secondary lead from SLABs, a value that suits the Colombian demand for lead batteries. The effect of changes in the fuel (CH4) and oxidant (enriched air, 30 % O2) flow and the swirl component of the combustion air on the thermal efficiency of the furnace and the hydrodynamics of the melt was studied. The effect of the radial component on the CH4 flow in the combustion phenomenon was also addressed. A transitory model was developed to represent the changes in the furnace for the proposed capacity and to, assisted with data from the literature, determine the furnace size. A preliminary evaluation of the combustion in the furnace was carried out based on a CFD simulation that used the transport of species model and a two-step reaction mechanism. The simulation was carried out in the Commercial Software Fluent 2020 R1. A second CFD simulation considered the transient multiphase furnace and was based on the VOF model and RANS turbulence. It included combustion, radiation and the presence of molten Pb. The simulation was verified using an empirical correlation based on experimental data for a modified Froude number, Frm. The effects of methane ow (8 g/s to 2 g/s), and the tangential component of air, (20° to 50°), in the thermal efficiency of the furnace and the velocity and temperature fields and the mixing time were reviewed. Once the pseudo-steady state was reached, data was collected every 0.04 s for a period of 5 s. The results indicate that the thermal efficiency of the furnace decreases by increasing the combustion power for a constant swirl constant of 30° Gas penetration increases with methane ow. A higher fuel flow decreased the mixing time and prevented the formation of dead zones near the bottom of the furnace, where the taphole for Pb extraction is placed. On the other hand, the swirl has no significant effect on gas penetration or mixing time. The proposed design considers a central bore and secondary bores in which the ow has a radial component equivalent to 80 % of the magnitude of velocity. The air was enriched with 30 % O2 and a “dead zone" was formed that allowed the setting of lead in the base.eng
dc.description.curricularareaÁrea Curricular de Ingeniería Mecánicaspa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería Mecánicaspa
dc.description.researchareaDinámica de fluidos computacionalspa
dc.format.extentxv, 79 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/81233
dc.language.isoengspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.departmentDepartamento de Ingeniería Mecánicaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Minasspa
dc.publisher.placeMedellín, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Minas - Maestría en Ingeniería Mecánicaspa
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dc.relation.referencesI. A. Chusov, V. G. Pronyayev, G. Y. Novikov, and N. A. Obysov, \Correlations for calculating the transport and thermodynamic properties of lead-bismuth eutectic," Nuclear Energy and Technology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 125-130, 2020.spa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afinesspa
dc.subject.lembReciclaje de baterías
dc.subject.lembBaterías eléctricas
dc.subject.proposalRecyclingeng
dc.subject.proposalCombustioneng
dc.subject.proposalFluid dynamicseng
dc.subject.proposalSimulationeng
dc.subject.proposalCFDeng
dc.subject.proposalPlomospa
dc.subject.proposalCombustiónspa
dc.subject.proposalSwirlspa
dc.subject.proposalDinámica de fluidosspa
dc.titleComputational fluid dynamics simulation of a vertical furnace with top submerged lance for the recovery of lead from spent lead-acid batterieseng
dc.title.translatedComputational fluid dynamics simulation of a vertical furnace with top submerged lance for the recovery of lead from spent lead-acid batterieseng
dc.title.translatedSimulación de dinámica de fluidos computacional de un horno vertical de lanza superior sumergida para la recuperación de plomo de los residuos de baterías de plomo-ácidospa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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