CRITAIR : a hybrid methodology for criticality analysis and intelligent recommendations in electrical distribution networks

dc.contributor.advisorÁlvarez Meza , Andrés Marino
dc.contributor.advisorCastellanos Dominguez, Cesar Germán
dc.contributor.authorPineda Quintero, Santiago
dc.contributor.researchgroupGrupo de Control y Procesamiento Digital de Señales
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-27T14:34:17Z
dc.date.available2026-02-27T14:34:17Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptiongraficas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractModern power systems face increasing levels of complexity and demand, making it a priority to understand the root causes of faults and outages. Such understanding is essential for optimizing reliability indicators such as System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), thereby enhancing service quality and the overall user experience. However, in Electric Power Companies (EPCs), unexpected outages in Medium-Voltage Level 2 (MV-L2) networks continue to degrade key reliability indicators such as SAIDI and SAIFI, ultimately impacting the end user’s perception of service quality. This ongoing issue is largely due to the lack of a systematic methodology to accurately identify the internal and external variables that most influence these indicators, limiting proactive asset management and hindering the prevention of future failures. This work identifies two key problems that hinder data-driven decision-making aimed at improving reliability in MV-L2 networks. First, there is a lack of analytical models capable of both predicting reliability metrics and explaining the underlying causes of service interruptions. Second, organizations struggle to translate large volumes of historical and regulatory data into clear, actionable recommendations due to the absence of systems that integrate domain knowledge with data-driven insights in an interpretable manner. To address these challenges, we propose CRITAIR (Criticality Analysis and Intelligent Recommendations), a two-stage hybrid and interpretable methodology designed to identify, explain, and recommend actions aimed at improving reliability in medium-voltage networks. In the first stage, a TabNet model is trained using historical outage records enriched with meteorological variables and construction-related metadata, enabling accurate estimation of SAIDI while identifying influential variables at both global and local levels. In the second stage, the extracted feature importance is integrated into an Agentic RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) system, which combines semantic retrieval with text generation using large language models to generate contextualized recommendations based on both structured and unstructured data. Additionally, the system produces interpretable reasoning graphs that explain the decision-making process of the intelligent agent. The results show that the TabNet model achieved a coefficient of determination of R² = 0.88 for the SAIDI indicator, identifying precipitation, wind gusts, cloud cover, minimum current, and conductor gauge as the most relevant variables, explaining 67.3% of the observed variability. The Agentic RAG system achieved a BERTScore of 0.956 for tabular queries, 0.984 for regulatory interpretation, and 0.743 for recommendation generation. Furthermore, the system generates interpretable reasoning graphs that enhance transparency and trust. These results were validated using real-world data from CHEC, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed methodology in operational environments (Texto tomado de la fuente).eng
dc.description.abstractLos sistemas eléctricos modernos enfrentan niveles crecientes de complejidad y demanda, lo que hace prioritario comprender las causas raíz de fallas e interrupciones. Esta comprensión es fundamental para optimizar indicadores de confiabilidad como el System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) y el System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), mejorando así la calidad del servicio y la experiencia del usuario final. Sin embargo, en las empresas de energía eléctrica (EPCs), las interrupciones inesperadas en redes de media tensión nivel 2 (MV-L2) continúan deteriorando estos indicadores, afectando directamente la percepción del servicio. Esta problemática se debe en gran medida a la ausencia de metodologías sistemáticas que permitan identificar con precisión las variables internas y externas que influyen en dichos indicadores, limitando la gestión proactiva de activos y la prevención de fallas. Este trabajo identifica dos desafíos principales. Primero, la falta de modelos analíticos capaces no solo de predecir métricas de confiabilidad, sino también de explicar las causas subyacentes de las interrupciones. Segundo, la dificultad de transformar grandes volúmenes de datos históricos y normativos en recomendaciones claras y accionables, debido a la ausencia de sistemas que integren conocimiento experto con analítica de datos de forma interpretable. Para abordar estos desafíos, se propone CRITAIR (Criticality Analysis and Intelligent Recommendations), una metodología híbrida e interpretable de dos etapas. En la primera etapa, se entrena un modelo TabNet utilizando datos históricos de interrupciones enriquecidos con variables meteorológicas y metadatos constructivos, permitiendo estimar el indicador SAIDI y detectar variables influyentes a nivel global y local. En la segunda etapa, estas variables se integran en un sistema Agentic RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), el cual combina recuperación semántica y generación de texto mediante modelos de lenguaje, permitiendo generar recomendaciones contextualizadas basadas en datos estructurados y documentos normativos. Adicionalmente, el sistema produce grafos de razonamiento interpretables que explican el proceso de toma de decisiones. Los resultados muestran que el modelo TabNet alcanzó un coeficiente de determinación R² = 0.88 para SAIDI, identificando como variables más relevantes la precipitación, ráfagas de viento, nubosidad, corriente mínima y calibre del conductor, explicando el 67.3% de la variabilidad. El sistema Agentic RAG alcanzó un BERTScore de 0.956 en consultas tabulares, 0.984 en interpretación normativa y 0.743 en generación de recomendaciones. Además, el sistema genera grafos interpretables que permiten validar las decisiones del modelo. Los resultados fueron validados con datos reales de CHEC, demostrando su aplicabilidad en contextos operativos reales.spa
dc.description.curricularareaEléctrica, Electrónica, Automatización Y Telecomunicaciones.Sede Manizales
dc.description.degreelevelMaestría
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrial
dc.description.notesTesis meritoría.spa
dc.description.researchareaInteligencia Artificial
dc.format.extentxii, 75 páginas
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/89699
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura
dc.publisher.placeManizales, Colombia
dc.publisher.programManizales - Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Maestría en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrial
dc.relation.indexedAgrosavia
dc.relation.indexedBireme
dc.relation.indexedRedCol
dc.relation.indexedLaReferencia
dc.relation.indexedAgrovoc
dc.relation.references[cre, 2008] , 2008; Resolución creg 097 de 2008: Régimen de calidad del servicio de energía eléctrica; Informe técnico; Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG); URL https://www.creg.gov.co
dc.relation.references[iee, 2012a] , 2012a; Ieee guide for electric power distribution reliability indices; doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6209381
dc.relation.references[cre, 2018] , 2018; Resolución creg 015 de 2018: Actualización del régimen de calidad del servicio de energía eléctrica; Informe técnico; Comisión de Regulación de Energía y Gas (CREG); URL https://www.creg.gov.co
dc.relation.references[ret, 2022] , 2022; Reglamento técnico de instalaciones eléctricas (retie) — actualización 2022; URL https://www.minenergia.gov.co
dc.relation.references[Aldhubaib et al., 2023a] Aldhubaib, A.; Al-Gailani, S. & Yaseen, Z.: , 2023a; Climate change impacts on electrical power distribution networks: A review; Energy Reports; 9: 256–272; doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.275
dc.relation.references[Aldhubaib et al., 2023b] Aldhubaib, H. A.; Hassan Ahmed, M. & Salama, M. M.: , 2023b; A weather-based power distribution system reliability assessment; Alexandria Engineering Journal; 78: 256–264; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.07.033; URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823006154
dc.relation.references[Arik & Pfister, 2021] Arik, S. Ö. & Pfister, T.: , 2021; Tabnet: Attentive interpretable tabular learning; en Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, tomo 35; págs. 6679–6687
dc.relation.references[Bai et al., 2025] Bai, Y.; Wei, J.; Zhang, Z.; Yu, X.; Wang, M.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, W. et al.: , 2025; Deepseek-v2: Towards language agents with world models; arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.06233
dc.relation.references[Billinton & Allan, 1996a] Billinton, R. & Allan, R. N.: , 1996a; Reliability evaluation of power systems; Springer; doi:10.1007/ 978-1-4899-1860-0
dc.relation.references[Billinton & Allan, 1996b] Billinton, R. & Allan, R. N.: , 1996b; Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems; Springer; 2a edición; doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1860-4
dc.relation.references[Bishop, 2006] Bishop, C. M.: , 2006; Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning; Springer
dc.relation.references[Böckling et al., 2025] Böckling, M.; Paulheim, H. & Iana, A.: , 2025; Walk&retrieve: Simple yet effective zero-shot retrieval- augmented generation via knowledge graph walks; arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16849
dc.relation.references[Bouadi et al., 2025] Bouadi, H.; Singh, A. & Patel, R.: , 2025; Kg-smile: Knowledge graph-guided semantic attribution for interpretable rag systems; arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.03626; URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.03626
dc.relation.references[Brown et al., 2020] Brown, T. B.; Mann, B.; Ryder, N.; Subbiah, M.; Kaplan, J.; Dhariwal, P.; Neelakantan, A.; Shyam, P.; Sastry, G.; Askell, A. et al.: , 2020; Language models are few-shot learners; Advances in neural information processing systems; 33: 1877–1901
dc.relation.references[Chatterjee & Dethlefs, 2020] Chatterjee, J. & Dethlefs, N.: , 2020; Xai4wind: A multimodal knowledge graph database for explainable decision support in operations & maintenance of wind turbines; arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.10489
dc.relation.references[Chen et al., 2022] Chen, X.; Wang, Y. & Liu, H.: , 2022; Application of knowledge graph technology in fault diagnosis of power systems; Frontiers in Energy Research; 10: 988280; doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.988280
dc.relation.references[Chen et al., 2025] Chen, Y.; Zhang, E.; Yan, L.; Wang, S.; Huang, J.; Yin, D. & Mao, J.: , 2025; Mao-arag: Multi-agent orchestration for adaptive retrieval-augmented generation; arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.01005
dc.relation.references[Chicco et al., 2021] Chicco, D.; Warrens, M. J. & Jurman, G.: , 2021; The coefficient of determination r2 and adjusted r2 in regression analysis; WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
dc.relation.references[Christiano et al., 2017] Christiano, P. F. et al.: , 2017; Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences; en NeurIPS
dc.relation.references[Dauphin et al., 2017] Dauphin, Y. N.; Fan, A.; Auli, M. & Grangier, D.: , 2017; Language modeling with gated convolutional networks; en Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML); PMLR; págs. 933–941; URL https://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/dauphin17a.html
dc.relation.references[dechgummarn et al., 2023] dechgummarn, Y.; Fuangfoo, P. & Kampeerawat, W.: , 2023; Predictive reliability analysis of power distribution systems considering the effects of seasonal factors on outage data using weibull analysis combined with polynomial regression; IEEE Access; PP: 1–1; doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3340515
dc.relation.references[Dehghanian et al., 2011] Dehghanian, P.; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. & Razi-Kazemi, A.: , 2011; An approach for critical component identification in reliability-centered maintenance of power distribution systems based on analytical hierarchical process
dc.relation.references[Delavechia et al., 2023] Delavechia, R.; Petry Ferraz, B.; Weiand, R.; Silveira, L.; Ramos, M.; Santos, L.; Bernardon, D. & Garcia, R.: , 2023; Electricity supply regulations in south america: A review of regulatory aspects; Energies; 16: 915; doi:10.3390/en16020915
dc.relation.references[Devlin et al., 2018] Devlin, J.; Chang, M.-W.; Lee, K. & Toutanova, K.: , 2018; Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding; arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805
dc.relation.references[Devlin et al., 2019] Devlin, J.; Chang, M.-W.; Lee, K. & Toutanova, K.: , 2019; Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding; en NAACL-HLT
dc.relation.references[Dimitriou & Tsakalidis, 2020] Dimitriou, N. & Tsakalidis, A.: , 2020; A new batch normalization technique for deep neural networks; Neural Computing and Applications; 32 (18): 14511–14523; doi:10.1007/s00521-020-04843-5
dc.relation.references[Dorji et al., 2025] Dorji, J.; Yangzom, S.; Phuntsho, T.; Choden, D. & Sd, D.: , 2025; THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS IN EXPLAINABLE AI
dc.relation.references[Dosovitskiy et al., 2021] Dosovitskiy, A. et al.: , 2021; An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale; en ICLR
dc.relation.references[Du et al., 2025] Du, C.; Zhang, L. & Chen, M.: , 2025; Foundations and applications of random forest regression for data-driven modeling; Expert Systems with Applications; 239: 122466; doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.122466
dc.relation.references[Ghasemkhani et al., 2024] Ghasemkhani, B.; Kut, R. A.; Yilmaz, R.; Birant, D.; Arıkök, Y. A.; Güzelyol, T. E. & Kut, T.: , 2024; Machine learning model development to predict power outage duration (pod): A case study for electric utilities; Sensors; 24 (13); doi:10.3390/s24134313; URL https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/13/4313
dc.relation.references[Guo et al., 2019] Guo, J.; Fan, Y.; Ai, Q. & Croft, W. B.: , 2019; A deep look into neural ranking models for information retrieval; Information Processing & Management
dc.relation.references[Izacard & Grave, 2021] Izacard, G. & Grave, E.: , 2021; Leveraging passage retrieval with generative models for open-domain question answering; en ACL
dc.relation.references[Jadon, 2022] Jadon, S.: , 2022; A comprehensive review of loss functions in machine learning: From regression to generative adversarial networks; arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.04874
dc.relation.references[Johnson et al., 2019] Johnson, J.; Douze, M. & Jégou, H.: , 2019; Billion-scale similarity search with gpus; IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
dc.relation.references[Jørgensen & Ma, 2025] Jørgensen, B. N. & Ma, Z. G.: , 2025; Regulating ai in the energy sector: A scoping review of eu laws, challenges, and global perspectives; Energies; 18 (9); doi:10.3390/en18092359; URL https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2359
dc.relation.references[Karpukhin et al., 2020] Karpukhin, V.; Oguz, B.; Min, S.; Lewis, P. S.; Wu, L.; Edunov, S.; Chen, D. & Yih, W.-t.: , 2020; Dense passage retrieval for open-domain question answering.; en EMNLP (1); págs. 6769–6781
dc.relation.references[Kostopoulos et al., 2024] Kostopoulos, G.; Davrazos, G. & Kotsiantis, S.: , 2024; Explainable artificial intelligence-based decision support systems: A recent review; Electronics; 13 (14); doi:10.3390/electronics13142842; URL https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/ 13/14/2842
dc.relation.references[Krstivojević & Stojković Terzić, 2025] Krstivojević, J. & Stojković Terzić, J.: , 2025; Enhancing reliability performance in distribution networks using monte carlo simulation for optimal investment option selection; Applied Sciences; 15 (8); doi: 10.3390/app15084209; URL https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4209
dc.relation.references[Kumar et al., 2024] Kumar, A.; Sharma, R. & Singh, A.: , 2024; Random forest algorithms: A comprehensive review and future directions; Artificial Intelligence Review; 57 (3): 1881–1909; doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10568-2
dc.relation.references[Lewis et al., 2019] Lewis, M.; Liu, Y.; Goyal, N.; Ghazvininejad, M.; Mohamed, A.; Levy, O.; Stoyanov, V. & Zettlemoyer, L.: , 2019; Bart: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension; arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.13461
dc.relation.references[Lewis et al., 2020] Lewis, P. et al.: , 2020; Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks; en NeurIPS
dc.relation.references[Li et al., 2023] Li, J.; Zhang, L. & Zhou, P.: , 2023; Knowledge graph construction for fault diagnosis in power systems; Electronics; 12 (23): 4808; doi:10.3390/electronics12234808
dc.relation.references[Lin et al., 2025] Lin, J.; Xie, R.; Lin, H.; Guo, X.; Mao, Y. & Fang, Z.: , 2025; A study on the key factors influencing power grid outage restoration times: A case study of the jiexi area; Processes; 13 (9); doi:10.3390/pr13092708; URL https: //www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2708
dc.relation.references[Liu et al., 2019] Liu, Y.; Ott, M.; Goyal, N.; Du, J.; Joshi, M.; Chen, D.; Levy, O.; Lewis, M.; Zettlemoyer, L. & Stoyanov, V.: , 2019; Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach; arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692
dc.relation.references[Löwenmark et al., 2025] Löwenmark, K.; Strömbergsson, D.; Liu, C.; Liwicki, M. & Sandin, F.: , 2025; Agent-based condition monitoring assistance with multimodal industrial database retrieval augmented generation; arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.09247
dc.relation.references[Manning et al., 2008] Manning, C. D.; Raghavan, P. & Schütze, H.: , 2008; Introduction to Information Retrieval; Cambridge University Press
dc.relation.references[Martins & Astudillo, 2016] Martins, A. F. T. & Astudillo, R. F.: , 2016; From softmax to sparsemax: A sparse model of attention and multi-label classification; en Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML); PMLR; págs. 1614–1623; URL https://proceedings.mlr.press/v48/martins16.html
dc.relation.references[Mikolov et al., 2013] Mikolov, T. et al.: , 2013; Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space; arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781
dc.relation.references[Mortensen, 2024] Mortensen, L.: , 2024; Data-driven proactive maintenance and asset management for energy distribution networks; doi:10.21996/ffxv-jx48
dc.relation.references[Murphy, 2022] Murphy, K. P.: , 2022; Probabilistic Machine Learning: An Introduction; MIT Press; ISBN 978-0-262-04792-9
dc.relation.references[Nachouki & Benbrahim, 2023] Nachouki, Y. & Benbrahim, H.: , 2023; Student performance prediction using random forest and ex- plainable machine learning methods; Education and Information Technologies; 28(5): 5669–5692; doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11569-4
dc.relation.references[Ouyang et al., 2022] Ouyang, L. et al.: , 2022; Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback; arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.02155
dc.relation.references[Papineni et al., 2002] Papineni, K.; Roukos, S.; Ward, T. & Zhu, W.-J.: , 2002; Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation; en ACL
dc.relation.references[Pennington et al., 2014] Pennington, J.; Socher, R. & Manning, C. D.: , 2014; Glove: Global vectors for word representation; en EMNLP
dc.relation.references[Radford et al., 2018] Radford, A.; Narasimhan, K.; Salimans, T. & Sutskever, I.: , 2018; Improving language understanding by generative pre-training; OpenAI
dc.relation.references[Raffel et al., 2020] Raffel, C.; Shazeer, N.; Roberts, A.; Lee, K.; Narang, S.; Matena, M.; Zhou, Y.; Li, W. & Liu, P. J.: , 2020; Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer; Journal of Machine Learning Research; 21 (140): 1–67
dc.relation.references[Ranstam & Cook, 2018] Ranstam, J. & Cook, J. A.: , 2018; Lasso regression; Journal of British Surgery; 105 (10): 1348–1348; doi:10.1002/bjs.10895
dc.relation.references[Rudin, 2019] Rudin, C.: , 2019; Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead; Nature machine intelligence; 1 (5): 206–215
dc.relation.references[Saeed & Omlin, 2023] Saeed, W. & Omlin, C.: , 2023; Explainable ai (xai): A systematic meta-survey of current challenges and future opportunities; Knowledge-Based Systems; 263: 110273; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110273; URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705123000230
dc.relation.references[Schulman et al., 2017] Schulman, J. et al.: , 2017; Proximal policy optimization algorithms; arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06347
dc.relation.references[Seppälä & Järventausta, 2024] Seppälä, J. & Järventausta, P.: , 2024; Analyzing supply reliability incentive in pricing regulation of electricity distribution operators; Energies; 17 (6); doi:10.3390/en17061451; URL https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/6/1451
dc.relation.references[Shadi et al., 2025] Shadi, M. R.; Mirshekali, H. & Shaker, H. R.: , 2025; Explainable artificial intelligence for energy sys- tems maintenance: A review on concepts, current techniques, challenges, and prospects; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews; 216: 115668; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115668; URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1364032125003417
dc.relation.references[Shalev-Shwartz & Ben-David, 2014] Shalev-Shwartz, S. & Ben-David, S.: , 2014; Understanding machine learning: From theory to algorithms; Cambridge university press
dc.relation.references[Singh et al., 2025] Singh, A.; Ehtesham, A.; Kumar, S. & Khoei, T. T.: , 2025; Agentic retrieval-augmented generation: A survey on agentic rag; arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.09136
dc.relation.references[Tang et al., 2019] Tang, Y.; Xu, Q. & Zhao, Y.: , 2019; Building a power equipment knowledge graph for intelligent maintenance; arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.12242; URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12242
dc.relation.references[Team, 2024] Team, N. R.: , 2024; Graphrag: Enhancing retrieval-augmented generation with knowledge graphs; https://neo4j.com/ blog/developer/graphrag-and-agentic-architecture-with-neoconverse/
dc.relation.references[Teixeira et al., 2025] Teixeira, B.; Carvalhais, L.; Pinto, T. & Vale, Z.: , 2025; Explainable ai framework for reliable and transparent automated energy management in buildings; Energy and Buildings; 347: 116246; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enbuild.2025.116246; URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778825009764
dc.relation.references[Touvron et al., 2023] Touvron, H.; Lavril, T.; Izacard, G.; Martinet, X.; Lachaux, M.-A.; Lacroix, T.; Rozière, B.; Goyal, N.; Hambro, E.; Azhar, F. et al.: , 2023; Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models; arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.13971
dc.relation.references[Trangcasanchai, 2024] Trangcasanchai, S.: , 2024; Improving Question Answering Systems with Retrieval Augmented Generation; Tesis Doctoral; University of Helsinki
dc.relation.references[Troncia et al., 2023] Troncia, M.; Ruggeri, S.; Soma, G. G.; Pilo, F.; Ávila, J. P. C.; Muntoni, D. & Gianinoni, I. M.: , 2023; Strategic decision-making support for distribution system planning with flexibility alternatives; Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks; 35: 101138; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2023.101138; URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S2352467723001467
dc.relation.references[U.S. Commercial Service, 2021] U.S. Commercial Service: , 2021; Colombia retie technical standards; URL https://www.trade. gov/market-intelligence/colombia-retie-technical-standards; accessed: 2025-09-15
dc.relation.references[U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2023a] U.S. Energy Information Administration: , 2023a; Annual electric power industry report: Reliability metrics (saidi, saifi); URL https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_11_01.html
dc.relation.references[U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2023b] U.S. Energy Information Administration: , 2023b; Annual electric power industry report: Reliability metrics (saifi, saidi); URL https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_11_01.html
dc.relation.references[Uyar & Albayrak, 2025] Uyar, A. & Albayrak, S.: , 2025; Interpretable gradient boosting machines for regression and classification; Applied Intelligence; 55 (1): 432–451; doi:10.1007/s10489-024-05442-7
dc.relation.references[Vaswani et al., 2017] Vaswani, A. et al.: , 2017; Attention is all you need; Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)
dc.relation.references[Wang et al., 2025] Wang, D.; Maharjan, S.; Zheng, J.; Liu, L. & Wang, Z.: , 2025; Data-driven quantification and visualization of resilience metrics of power distribution system; arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.12408
dc.relation.references[Zhan et al., 2024] Zhan, J.; Wu, C.; Yang, C.; Miao, Q. & Ma, X.: , 2024; Hfn: Heterogeneous feature network for multivariate time series anomaly detection; Information Sciences; 670: 120626
dc.relation.references[Zhang et al., 2023] Zhang, K.; Liu, J. & Huang, R.: , 2023; Rule-enhanced cognitive graph for power grid knowledge reasoning; en International Conference on Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing; Springer; págs. 701–714; doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-4761-4_59
dc.relation.references[Zhang et al., 2020] Zhang, T.; Kishore, V.; Wu, F.; Weinberger, K. Q. & Artzi, Y.: , 2020; Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert; en ICLR
dc.relation.references[Zhou et al., 2024] Zhou, Z.; Li, Y.; Guo, Z.; Yan, Z. & Chow, M.-Y.: , 2024; A white-box deep-learning method for electrical energy system modeling based on kolmogorov-arnold network; arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.08044
dc.relation.references[Zhu et al., 2021] Zhu, S.; Yao, R.; Xie, Y.; Qiu, F.; Wu, X. et al.: , 2021; Quantifying grid resilience against extreme weather using large-scale customer power outage data; arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.09711
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.licenseReconocimiento 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::621 - Física aplicada
dc.subject.proposalTabneteng
dc.subject.proposalMedium-voltage level 2eng
dc.subject.proposalGeneración aumentada por recuperaciónspa
dc.subject.proposalLarge languaje modelseng
dc.subject.proposalModelos de lenguaje de gran escalaspa
dc.subject.proposalBertscoreeng
dc.subject.proposalSaidieng
dc.subject.proposalSaifieng
dc.subject.proposalRetiespa
dc.subject.proposalNtcspa
dc.subject.proposalMedium-voltage level 2eng
dc.subject.proposalMedia tensión nivel 2spa
dc.subject.unescoTecnología de la información
dc.subject.unescoInformation technology
dc.subject.unescoIngeniería eléctrica
dc.subject.unescoElectrical engineering
dc.subject.unescoModelo de simulación
dc.subject.unescoSimulation models
dc.titleCRITAIR : a hybrid methodology for criticality analysis and intelligent recommendations in electrical distribution networkseng
dc.title.translatedCRITAIR : una metodología híbrida para el análisis de criticidad y recomendaciones inteligentes en redes de distribución eléctricaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.contentText
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadores
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

Archivos

Bloque original

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
Tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrial.pdf
Tamaño:
4.53 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
Tesis de Maestría en Ingeniería - Automatización Industrial

Bloque de licencias

Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
5.74 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción: